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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar; 2021;13(1):52-76
Türkiye’de Ağır Ruhsal Hastalığa Sahip Bireylere ve Ailelerine Yönelik Psikososyal Müdahaleler: Sistematik Bir İnceleme
S Bekiroğlu, SA Özden
Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bu çalışmada, ağır ruhsal hastalığa sahip bireylere ve/veya ailelerine yönelik Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen psikososyal müdahaleleri betimlemek ve sonuçlarını değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. 2000 ve 2019 yılları arasında Türkiye’de ağır ruhsal hastalığa sahip bireyler ve/veya aileleri ile yapılan çalışmaları belirlemek için Google, Türk Psikiyatri Dizini, Türk Medline, YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Google Akademi ve TR Dizin veri tabanları taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda, 2404 çalışmaya ulaşılmış, 36 sonuç değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. İncelenen çalışmaların 16’sı yayımlanmış araştırma makalesi, 10’u doktora tezi, 6’sı yüksek lisans tezi ve 4’ü de tıpta uzmanlık tezidir. Uygulanan psikososyal müdahale programlarının büyük çoğunluğunu (%47,2) psikoeğitim çalışmaları oluşturmakla birlikte 11’ini (%30,5) özgün beceri eğitimleri, 8’ini de (%22,2) sorun veya belirti odaklı çalışmalar oluşturmaktadır. Çoğunlukla hemşireler tarafından gerçekleştirilen müdahale programlarının ortalama örneklem sayısı 30,5 olup, ortalama müdahale süreci 10,5 oturumdur. Uygulanan programların ağır ruhsal hastalığa sahip bireylerde sosyal işlevsellik, tedaviye uyum, yaşam kalitesi gibi alanlarda, bakım verenlerde ise sübjektif yük, baş etme yöntemleri, duygu dışavurumu, aile işlevselliği gibi alanlarda olumlu yönde etkileri ortaya konmuştur. Türkiye’de kısıtlı bir şekilde uygulandığı görülen bu programların yaygınlaştırılması ve rutin klinik uygulamanın bir parçası haline getirilmesi ağır ruhsal hastalığa sahip birey ve aileleri için son derece önemlidir.
Psychosocial Interventions for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness and Their Familes in Turkey: A Systematic Review
The aim of this study is to describe the psychosocial interventions for individuals with severe mental illness and/or their families in Turkey, and evaluate their results. Turkish Psychiatry Index, Turkish Medline, Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center, Google Scholar, and TR Index databases were searched to identify the studies conducted with individuals with severe mental illness and/or their families between 2000 and 2019. As a result of the search, 2404 studies were obtained in total, and 36 of them were selected to be evaluated. 16 of the studies examined are published research articles, 10 are PhD theses, 6 are master’s theses, and 4 are medical dissertation. While the majority of the psychosocial intervention programs (47.2%) are psychoeducation studies, 11 (30.5%) are original skill trainings and 8 (22.2%) are problem- or symptom-oriented studies. The average number of samples of intervention programs mostly practiced by nurses is 30.5, and the average intervention period is 10.5 sessions. The results reveal that the positive effects of the applied programs on the areas such as social functionality, treatment compliance and quality of life for individuals with severe mental illness; and subjective burden, coping strategies, emotional expression and family functionality for caregivers. It is extremely important for individuals with severe mental illness and their families to extend these programs, which currently seem to be implemented in a limited way in Turkey, and to make them a part of routine clinical practice

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