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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 41; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 2021;41(1):301-330
Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7 ) Türkçeye Uyarlanması
B D Kaynak, M K Malatyalı, D Hasta
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Sosyal baskınlık yönelimi (SBY), var olan hiyerarşik yapıları desteklemeye yönelik bireysel bir eğilime karşılık gelmektedir ve son dönemde yürütülen çalışmalar bu kavramın iki faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir: SBY-Baskınlık (SBY-B) ve SBY-Eşitlik Karşıtı Olma (SBY-EKO). Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ho ve arkadaşlarının (2015) SBY’nin iki faktörlü yapısını ölçmek için geliştirdiği Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7 ) Türkçeye uyarlanmasıdır. Bu amaçla, SBY7 iki farklı örneklemden toplam 730 katılımcıya (222 erkek, 507 kadın ve bir boş veri) uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği, Genel Sistemi Meşrulaştırma Ölçeği (örneklem-1), Toplumsal Cinsiyete İlişkin Sistemi Meşrulaştırma Ölçeği (örneklem-2) ve katılımcıların sosyal refahın yeniden sağlanmasını, gelir adaletinin sağlanmasını ve savaşı destekleme düzeylerini belirlemek için oluşturulan Kısa Soru Formu uygulanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, anlamsal ve yöntemsel olarak farklı maddeleri barındıran dört faktörlü bir yapıyı desteklemektedir. Yapı geçerliğine ilişkin bulgular, SBY-Toplam, SBY-B ve SBY-EKO’nun korumacı ve düşmanca cinsiyetçilik ve genel sistemi meşrulaştırma (örneklem-1) ve toplumsal cinsiyete ilişkin sistemi meşrulaştırma (örneklem-2) düzeyleri ile pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Yapı geçerliğini test etmek için ayrıca SBY-B ve kriter değişkenleri arasındaki yarı-kısmi korelasyonlar ile SBY-EKO ve kriter değişkenleri arasındaki yarı-kısmi korelasyonlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, 12 ayrı yarı-kısmi korelasyon farkı karşılaştırmasından yalnızca üçünde anlamlı bir farklılık olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, SBY-B ve SBY-EKO arasında, mevcut çalışmada ele alınan kriter değişkenlerini yordama açısından istikrarlı bir farklılaşmanın olmadığına işaret etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın sonuçları SBY7 ’nin Türkiye'de sosyal baskınlık yöneliminin anlamsal ve yöntemsel olarak farklı yönlerini barındıran dört faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğuna, ancak kuramsal olarak SBY-EKO ve SBY-B’nin ülkemizde belirgin bir şekilde birbirinden ayrışmadığına işaret etmektedir. Bu nedenle, SBY7 ’nin Türkiye’de sosyal baskınlık yöneliminin farklı yönlerini içeren tek faktörlü bir ölçek olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Turkish Adaptation of New Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO7 )
Social dominance orientation (SDO) represents an individual tendency to support already existing hierarchical social structures. Recent research has indicated that this phenomenon has a two-factor structure: SDO-Dominance (SDO-D) and SDO-Egalitarianism (SDO-E). The aim of this study is to adapt the New Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO7 ), developed by Ho et al. (2015), to measure the two-factor structure of SDO for the Turkish context. For this purpose, SDO7 was applied to 730 participants (222 men, 507 women and one missing) from two different samples. Additionally, an Ambivalent Sexism Scale, General System Justification Scale (sample-1), Gender Related System Justification Scale (sample-2) and a Short Question Form (which was created to determine participants’ levels of support for social welfare, income justice, and war) were also applied. Results of confirmatory factor analysis support a four-factor structure that contains both substantive and methodological items. The results for construct validity showed that SDO, SDO-D, and SDO-E were positively correlated with benevolent and hostile sexism and general system justification (sample-1), and gender related system justification (sample-2). Furthermore, in order to test construct validity the semi-partial correlations between SDO-D and criterion variables and those between SDO-E and criterion variables were compared. Results indicated that, only 3 of the 12 different semi-partial correlation comparisons were significant. These results implied that SDO-D and SDO-E were not consistently different in terms of their relations with the criterion variables measured for this study. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that SDO7 has a four-factor structure that contains both substantive and methodological dimensions of social dominance orientation in Turkey. However, theoretically SDO-E and SDO-D are not clearly separated from one another. Thus, SDO7 can be used as a one-factor scale which includes different aspects of social dominance orientation in Turkey.

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