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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 41; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 2021;41(1):111-141
İşçi Sağlığı ve İş Güvenliği Araştırmalarında Psikolojinin Yeri: Türkçe ve İngilizce Alan Yazın Arasında Betimsel Bir Karşılaştırma
S Ercan, S Çelik
Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, Zonguldak
Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü’nün verilerini ve şahit olduğumuz Soma maden kazası gibi birçok trajik iş kazasını dikkate aldığımızda, Türkiye’de işçi sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG) alanında hızlı bir iyileşme gerçekleştirmemiz gerektiği açıkça görülmektedir. Bu iyileştirmeyi gerçekleştirmek ilgili bütün tarafların (örn., Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu, işveren örgütleri ve sendikalar) sorumluluğundadır ve ilgili taraflar öz eleştiride bulunarak neler yapmaları gerektiği konusunda öneriler geliştirmelidir. Bu noktada akademik camianın güncel, teorik ve uygulanabilir bilgi üreterek İSG’ye ilişkin arzulanan iyileşmelere katkı sunması gerekmektedir. Akademik camianın katkısını değerlendirmek amacıyla ilk olarak Türkçe İSG alan yazını nicel ve nitel olarak incelenmiştir. İkinci olarak, en çok atıf alan Türkçe ve İngilizce makaleler arasında karşılaştırma yapılarak Türkçe ve İngilizce alan yazındaki temel farkları ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Türkçe alan yazına ilişkin yapılan analiz sonucunda İSG alanında Türkçe yazılan makalelerin yetersiz sayıda olduğu, sosyal ve davranış bilimi alanlarında çalışan araştırmacıların bu alana katkısının sınırlı düzeyde kaldığı, güvenlik iklimi ve güvenlik kültürü gibi önemli değişkenlerin yeterince incelenmediği, daha çok betimleyici araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı ve hipotez testi sayısının düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. En çok atıf alan Türkçe ve İngilizce makaleler arasında yapılan karşılaştırma sonucunda birinci yazar olarak Türkçe makalelerde en fazla mühendislik, İngilizce makalelerde ise en fazla psikoloji alanında çalışan araştırmacı sayısının olduğu; İngilizce makalelerin daha yüksek oranda hipotez testi içerdiği; Türkçe makalelerde en çok betimleyici, İngilizce makalelerde en çok tahminsel analiz yapıldığı ve son olarak İngilizce makalelerde yordayıcı değişken olarak en çok güvenlik iklimi, sonuç değişken olarak ise sağlık/iyi oluş ve kaza/yaralanma değişkenleri üzerinde durulduğu bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular ışığında Türkçe İSG alan yazınına katkı sunmak isteyen araştırmacıların İSG ile doğrudan ilişkili değişkenlerin üzerinde daha fazla durması, tahminsel analizlere yönelerek uygulanabilir bilgi üretmesi ve İSG konusuna farklı bilimsel alanların bakış açısı ışığında bütüncül bir şekilde yaklaşması gerekmektedir. Bu noktalarda psikoloji biliminin katkısının vazgeçilmez olacağı düşünülmektedir.
The Place of Psychology in the Area of Occupational Health and Safety: A Descriptive Comparison between the Turkish and Englih OHS Literatures
It is evident that we need to achieve immediate improvements in occupational health and safety (OHS) in Turkey considering the statistics provided by the International Labor Organization and the numerous tragic work-accidents (e.g., Soma mining accident). All concerned parties such as the Social Security Institution and employers’ associations need to fulfill their responsibilities by engaging in self-criticism. They must likewise develop suggestions to achieve such immediate improvements. Therefore, the academic society should contribute to the desired improvements in OHS by producing up-to-date, theoretical, and applicable knowledge. First, the Turkish OHS literature was examined to evaluate the academic society’s contribution. Second, the most frequently cited Turkish and English OHS articles were compared to highlight the main differences in Turkish and English OHS literature. Upon analyzing the Turkish OHS literature, the results indicated that the number of Turkish OHS related articles was inadequate. Moreover, the contributions of social and behavioral scientists to this domain was not sufficient. Furthermore, important OHS variables such as safety climate and safety culture were not studied enough, studies mostly used descriptive analysis, and there was a lack of hypothesis testing. Comparing Turkish and English OHS articles, the results indicated that the first authors of the English articles were mostly psychologists and the first authors of the Turkish articles were mostly engineers. Moreover, the English articles included more hypothesis testing. The Turkish articles included mostly descriptive analyses, while the English articles included mostly predictive analyses. The English articles likewise mostly included the safety climate as a predictive variable and health and wellbeing and injury and accidents as criterion variables. Based on these findings, Turkish researchers who study OHS should focus on studying variables directly related to safety behavior and safety intensions. They should produce applied knowledge by conducting predictive rather than descriptive analyses. Also, they need to consider taking a holistic perspective by incorporating the results obtained by different scientific areas of study. Following these suggestions, a more profound contribution of psychology to OHS literature is required.

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