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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 19>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;9(19):19-29
Dikkatsizlik Körlüğündeki Beklenmeyen Uyaran için Hazır Olma Etkileri
M Çakar, S İkier
Yeditepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Dikkatsizlik körlüğü üzerine yapılmış olan araştırmalar, dikkat bir göreve odaklandığında görsel çevremizde beklenmedik bir şekilde beliren uyaranların farkedilemeyebileceğini göstermiştir. Bu uyaran yine de algısal ve anlamsal düzeyde işlenir ve hatırlanabilir. Bu durumun görsel çevrede dikkatimizi yöneltmememiz gereken uyaranların olduğu durumda da geçerli olup olmadığı sorusu henüz tam olarak yanıtlanamamıştır. Bu soruyu inceleyen iki deneyde, katılımcılar eşya resimlerine dikkatlerini odaklamış ve diğer resimlere dikkatlerini yönlendirmemişlerdir. Dikkatsizlik körlüğü aşamasında beklenmeyen bir sözcük, dairesel sunumun ortasında belirmiştir. Bu sözcüğü görmediğini belirten katılımcıların verisi, bu sözcüğe hiç maruz kalmamış katılımcıların verisi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Deney 1’de katılımcıların bir sözcük parçasını bu sözcükle tamamlama olasılıkları sözcüğe hiç maruz kalmamış katılımcılardan daha fazladır. Deney 2’de ise, katılımcıların bu sözcüğün resmini seçme olasılıkları sözcüğe hiç maruz kalmamış katılımcılardan daha fazladır. Bu çalışmalar farkedilmeyen beklenmeyen uyaranın algısal ve anlamsal düzeyde işlendiğini ve izleyen görevde bir hazır olma etkisi (priming) yarattığını ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular, farkedilmeyen uyaranın bellek ile muhtemel bağları ve bilicin düzeyleri çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
Priming Effects for the Unexpected Stimulus in Inattentional Blindness
Studies on inattentional blindness demonstrate that a stimulus that unexpectedly appears in the visual environment may be undetected when attention is engaged in a task. The stimulus can still be processed and remembered at the perceptual and semantic level. The question of whether this is still the case when there are items to be ignored in the visual environment remains. In the present study investigating this question, participants attended to furniture pictures while they ignored other pictures. In the inattention trial, an unexpected word appeared in the middle of the circular display. Participants blind to the word were compared to ones who were not exposed to the word. In Experiment 1, participants were more likely to complete a word fragment with this word than the ones who were not exposed to the word. In Experiment 2, participants were more likely to choose the picture of this word than the ones who were not exposed to the word. These studies show that the undetected unexpected stimulus is processed at the perceptual and semantic level and produces priming effects on a subsequent task. Findings were discussed with regards to the possible memory correlates of undetected visual information and levels of consciousness.

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