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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 19>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;9(19):1-18
Tüberküloz Teşhisi Almış Olma Deneyimi: Kalitatif Bir İnceleme
HB Boratav, SK İnal, L Küey
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Bu araştırmanın amacı tüberküloz tanısı almış olan bireylerin psiko-sosyal deneyimlerini incelemek, bu bağlamda da damgalanma ve başa çıkma süreçlerini anlamaya çalışmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında İstanbul’da tüberküloz tanısı almış ve tedavi sürecinin farklı aşamalarında olan 24 yetişkin birey ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Veriler Tematik Analiz adımlarını takip ederek ve MAXQDA yazılımı kullanarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular üç ana tema altında toplanmıştır: 1) Tüberküloz tanısı almanın psikososyal etkileri, 2) Başa çıkma, v e 3) Deneyimlerdeki olası farklılaşmayı açıklayan unsurlar. Bulgular varolan alanyazını çerçevesinde tartışılmış, araştırmanın güçlü yönleri ve sınırlılığı belirtilmiş ve gelecek çalışmalar için öneriler paylaşılmıştır. Literatürle uyumlu olarak, kişilerarası ilişkiler ve maddi konularda yaşanan sıkıntılar en belirgin sorunlar olarak, ve başkalarını enfekte etme kaygısı, insanlardan uzak durma ve açılma ile ilgili zorluklar gibi stigmayla da ilişkilenerek öne çıkmaktadır. Bekleneceği gibi, sosyal desteğin varlığı da önemli bir unsur olmaktadır. Başkalarından alınan tepkilerin sadece stigmatize edici olmayışı ve anlayış esirgeme de içerebiliyor olması Türkiye’de daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda TB tanısı almış bireylere yönelik stigmanın orta düzeyde bulunduğu saptaması ile de uygundur. Hem toplumsal stigmayı azaltıcı eğitimlerin, hem de TB tanısı almış ve hastalığı farklı deneyimleyebilen bireylere yönelik psikososyal müdahalelerin faydası olabileceğine dikkat çekilmektedir.
The Experience of Receiving a Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Qualitative Exploration
This study aimed to investigate the psycho-social experiences of individuals with a tuberculosis diagnosis and to explore processes related to stigma and coping in this context. Towards this aim, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 adults who had received pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis at different dispensaries in I?stanbul, and who were in different stages of treatment. The data was analyzed using Thematic Analysis and the MAXQDA software. The findings were organized under 1) Psychosocial effects of receiving a tuberculosis diagnosis, 2) Coping, and 3) Factors that account for the differences in the experiences. Findings are discussed in the light of existing literature and strengths and limitations of the current study as well as recommendations for future research are presented. In line with the literature, issues related to interpersonal relationships and finances were the most salient matters that came to fore and were interwoven with accounts of stigma related experiences such as fear of infecting others, interpersonal distancing and difficulties with self-disclosure. As expected, availability of social support was an important stress buffer. That the reported responses by others were not exclusively stigmatizing, and that attempts at sympathy and care were also observed support the findings of previous research in Turkey that has found recipients of TB to be moderately stigmatized by others. Arguments are made both for the need to educate the public to reduce societal stigma, as well as for psychosocial interventions with individuals with TB diagnosis based on possible predictors of the differences in experiences with the illness.

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