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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;5(1):66-78
Bağlanmanın nesiller arası aktarımını açıklayan güncel yaklaşımlar: Ebeveyn mentalizasyon kapasitesi
Y Kahya
Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi, Ankara
Güncel metaanaliz çalışmaları, bağlanmanın nesiller arası aktarımının görgül destek alan bir olgu olduğunu göstermeye devam etmektedir. Alanyazında, ebeveynin bağlanma temsillerinin bebeğin bağlanma organizasyonuna aktarımı, genellikle ebeveyn duyarlığı ile açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Öte yandan, bağlanmanın nesiller arası aktarımında ebeveyn duyarlığı tarafından açıklanan varyans düşük olduğu için alanyazın aktarımda boşluğa dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çerçevede mevcut makalenin amacı, bağlanmanın nesiller arası aktarımı olgusuna yönelik güncel yaklaşımları derlemektir. Bu amaç dahilinde alanyazında yer alan çalışmaların sistematik olmayan şekilde taraması yürütülmüş ve klasik ile güncel bağlanma çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Gözden geçirilen alanyazın, bağlanmanın nesiller arası aktarımını açıklayan çalışmaların ebeveyn duyarlığı incelemelerinin ötesine gitmeye ihtiyaç duyduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çerçevede, ebeveyn mentalizasyon kapasitesi, bağlanmanın nesiller arası aktarımını açıklamak için ön plana çıkan değişkenler arasında yer almaktadır. Ancak, alanyazındaki çalışmaların bağlanmanın nesiller arası aktarımını hem ebeveyn duyarlığı hem de ebeveyn mentalizasyon kapasitesi ile bir arada incelemede sınırlı kaldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca, aktarımı ebeveyn duyarlığı ve mentalizasyon kapasitesi çerçevesinde inceleyen çalışmalar, genel olarak etkileşimdeki görünür davranışlara, yani bebeğin doğrudan ne deneyimlediğini gösteren etkileşim incelemelerine, odaklanmakta sınırlı kalmaktadır. Sonuç olarak mevcut derleme, aracı ve düzenleyici değişkenler açısından bağlanmanın nesiller arası aktarımını inceleyen modellerin kapsamının genişlemesi gerektiğine ışık tutmaktadır. Uygulamaya yönelik doğurgular, ebeveyn-bebek arasındaki etkileşimlerin niteliğine ve ebeveyn mentalizasyon kapasitesine odaklanan müdahale çalışmalarının, güvensiz bağlanmanın nesiller arası aktarımını önleyebileceğine işaret etmektedir.
The recent perspectives on the intergenerational transmission of attachment: Parental reflective functioning
The recent meta-analytic work continued providing evidence on the intergenerational transmission of attachment. In the literature, the intergenerational transmission of attachment has been generally ex- plained by parental sensitivity. On the other side, gap in the intergenerational transmission of attach- ment has been highlighted since the explained variance by parental sensitivity is low. In this regard, the purpose of the present article was to review the recent perspectives on the intergenerational transmis- sion of attachment. Therefore, available research in the literature was reviewed in a non-systematical way, and both pioneer and recent attachment studies were included in the review process. Reviewed literature pointed out that research on the intergenerational transmission of attachment explaining transmission with parental sensitivity should be expanded. In this regard, parental reflective function- ing is among the prominent constructs to explain the intergenerational transmission of attachment. However, research on the intergenerational transmission of attachment including both parental sensi- tivity and reflective functioning constructs together is scarce. Furthermore, transmission research on parental sensitivity and reflective functioning lack of examining the interactional behavioral indicators, or antecedents in transmission, showing what the infant experience in the interactions. As a result, the current review showed required expansions in the intergenerational transmission of attachment models. Clinical implications also indicated that intervention/prevention studies on the quality of parent-infant interactions and parental refection functioning would be halting the intergenerational transmission of insecure attachment.

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