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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 35; Sayı: 85>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2020;35(85):40-64
Tek-denekli Deneysel Araştırmalarda Etki Büyüklüğü Hesaplama: Örtüşmeyen Veriye Dayalı Yöntemlerin İncelenmesi
S Rakap, ŞY Özkan, S Kalkan
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun
Psikoloji, sosyal hizmetler ve özel eğitim gibi uygulamalı alanlarda yapılan araştırmalar için oldukça kullanışlı olan tek-denekli deneysel araştırma yöntemleri (single-case experimental research design), bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki nedensel ya da işlevsel ilişkinin titiz bir şekilde incelenmesine olanak tanıyan deneysel yöntemlerdir. Tek-denekli deneysel araştırmalardan elde edilen bulguların, kanıta-dayalı uygulamaların belirlenebilmesine yönelik meta-analizler kapsamında kullanılabilmesi için geliştirilen birçok etki büyüklüğü hesaplama yöntemi bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, uluslararası alanyazında, tek-denekli deneysel araştırmaları rapor eden makalelerin birçoğunda, etki büyüklüğü istatistiği, örtüşmeyen veriye dayalı yöntemlerden biri kullanılarak rapor edilmektedir. Türkiye’de son dönemlerde yürütülen tek-denekli deneysel araştırmalar kapsamında daha gelişmiş yöntemlerin kullanıldığı görülmekle birlikte, araştırmacıların büyük bir çoğunluğunun, ilk geliştirilen ve çeşitli sınırlılıkları olan yöntemleri tercih ettiği görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’de ve uluslararası düzeyde tek-denekli deneysel araştırmalar yürüten araştırmacıların, örtüşmeyen veriye dayalı yöntemleri ve bu yöntemlerin aralarındaki farkları anlamaları ve hangi yöntemi ne zaman kullanmaları gerektiğini değerlendirebilecekleri rehber yayınlara duyulan ihtiyaç artmaktadır. Bu makalenin temel amacı, örtüşmeyen veriye dayalı 13 yöntemi tarihsel gelişim sırasına ve birbirleriyle olan ilişki durumuna göre tanıtmak ve yöntemlerin nasıl hesaplandığını uygulamalı bir örnek ile göstermektir. Bu temel amaca ek olarak, makale, 13 yöntemin güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini değerlendirmeyi, bu yöntemler kullanılarak elde edilen etki büyüklüğü değerlerinin yorumlanmasında kullanılan ölçütleri belirtmeyi ve etki büyüklüğü yöntemlerinin seçilmesinde dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlara dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Effect Size Calculations in Single-Case Experimental Research Design: An Investigation of Nonoverlap Methods
Single-case experimental research designs are rigorous and valid methods to investigate causal or functional relationships between dependent and independent variables. These designs are commonly used in applied fields of psychology, social work, and special education. A number of different methods have been developed to calculate effect size estimates to integrate results of single-case experimental research into meta-analysis of evidence-based practices. Many researchers in the international literature use nonoverlap methods to report effect sizes for single-case experimental research studies. In Turkey, although some researchers have recently used more sophisticated nonoverlap methods to calculate effect sizes for single-case experimental research studies, many still use early nonoverlap methods that have several limitations noted in the literature. In this respect, it is important to know the characteristics of nonoverlap methods, differences among these methods, and when to use which methods for researchers, conducting single-case experimental research studies. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to describe 13 nonoverlap methods to calculate effect size estimates in single-case experimental research in chronological order and explain their calculations using hypothetical data sets. Moreover, this paper aims to discuss advantages and disadvantages of these methods, offer guideline for interpreting effect size estimates, and provide considerations for selecting appropriate effect size methods based data obtained from single-case experimental research studies.

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