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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 24; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2021;24(1):86-98
Cinsel istismara uğramış çocuk ve ergenlerde cinsiyet ve yaşa ilişkin farklılıklar: Psikopatoloji öngörücüleri
Ö Metin, F Toros, C Kuygun Karcı
Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Adana,
Bu çalışmanın amacı cinsel istismar mağduru çocuk ve ergenlerde; istismar yaşantısı ve psikopatolojilerde, cinsiyet ve yaşa özgü farklılıkların araştırılmasıdır. Ayrıca, psikopatoloji açısından öngörücü faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma, 2001- 2009 yılları arasında çocuk ve ergen psikiyatri kliniğinde cinsel istismar nedeniyle değerlendirilen çocuk ve ergenleri kapsamaktadır. Sosyodemografik ve cinsel istismar özellikleri, sürekli kaygı / depresyon skorları ve psikiyatrik tanılar geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: İstismarcının tanıdık olması kızlarda, yabancı biri olması erkeklerde anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. İstismar olayı kızlarda daha çok ev ortamında, erkeklerde açık alanda meydana gelmişti. Cinsiyet ve yaş grupları arasında ruhsal bozukluk sıklığı farklılık göstermedi. Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu; zorlama (fiziksel şiddet/güç kullanımı/tehdit) varlığında ve 7-11 yaş grubunda daha sıktı. Aile içi istismar, zorlama varlığı ve tekrarlayan istismarla ilişkili saptanan Major Depresif Bozukluk sıklığı; kızlarda ve 15-18 yaş grubunda daha yüksekti. Sürekli anksiyete ve depresyon ölçek puanlarında artış ve zorlamanın varlığı istismar sonrası süreçte ruhsal tanı alma riskini arttırmakta idi. Sonuç: Çocukluk çağı cinsel istismarı; bağlamsal ve niteliksel olmak üzere hem cinsiyetler hem de yaş grupları için farklı şekillerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, koruyucu müdehaleler planlanırken, cinsiyet ve gelişimsel döneme özgü istismar yaşantısındaki farklılıklar dikkate alınmalıdır. Sonuçlarımız, psikopatolojinin gelişiminde istismarın kendisinden ziyade içselleştirme semptomları ve ek travmatik deneyimlerin önemli olduğunu göstermiştir. Bir cinsiyetin veya herhangi bir gelişim döneminin psikopatolojiye karşı daha savunmasız olduğu varsayımı sağlam bir ampirik temele sahip olmayabilir. Bununla birlikte, psikiyatrik bozukluğa özgü cinsiyetler / gelişim dönemleri / istismar özellikleri bakımından farklılıkları göz önünde bulundurmak, uygun tedavi hizmetlerinin sağlanmasında yol gösterici olacaktır.
Gender and age-related differences in sexually abused child and adolescents: Predictors of psychopathology
The purpose of this study was to examine gender and age-specific differences in abuse experience and psychopathologies in sexually abused children and adolescents. Furthermore, it was aimed to determine the predictive factors for psychopathology. Method: The study included children and adolescents who were evaluated for sexual abuse at the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic between 2001-2009. Sociodemographic and sexual abuse characteristics, trait anxiety/depression scores, and psychiatric diagnoses have retrospectively evaluated. Results: The familiar abuser was significantly higher in girls, whereas the stranger abuser was significantly higher in boys. The abuse incident mostly occurred in the home environment in girls and the open fields in boys. The frequency of mental disorders did not differ between genders and age-groups. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder was higher in the presence of coercion (physical violence/use of force/threat) and in the 7-11 age group. In girls and also the 15-18 age group had a higher prevalence rate of Major Depressive Disorder, which was also found to be related to intra-familial abuse, the presence of coercion and repeated abuse. The increase in trait anxiety/depression scale scores and the presence of coercion increased the risk of psychiatric diagnosis in the post-abuse period. Discussion: Childhood sexual abuse occurs in different ways, both contextually and qualitatively, for both sexes and age groups. Therefore, when planning preventive interventions, differences in gender and developmental periodspecific abuse experiences should be considered. Our results showed that internalization symptoms and additional traumatic experiences were more important in the development of psychopathology than the abuse itself. The assumption that one gender or any developmental period is more vulnerable to psychopathology may not have a robust empirical basis. On the other hand, psychiatric disorder-specific differences regarding gender/developmental periods/abuse-characteristics will guide the provision of appropriate treatment services

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