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Yıl:2018; Cilt: ; Sayı: 30>> Özet
Yansıtma: Psikopatoloji ve Projektif Testler Dergisi; 2018;(30):26-41
Ergenlikte Obezite Bir Yeme Bozukluğu mudur?
T İkiz
Çocuk ve ergenlik dönemi obezitesi son yıllarda artış göstermektedir. Psikanalitik kuramda, obezite oral dönemde anne ile kurulan bağda bebeğin çevresel eksiklikten iri nesneler ile iyi uyum sağlayamamasına ve nesillerarası beden içine almaya bağlı görülmektedir. Daha sonra, ergenlik ebeveynler ve onların içselleştirdikleri imagolarla yeni bir mesafe oluşturmak ve ilişkileri yeniden düzenlemek yani ilk nesnesinden ayrışabilmesidir. Çeşitli hastalıkların ergenlikte ortaya çıktığı düşünülürse, hastalanan ergene "psikosomatik psikanalitik" yaklaşım önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada cocukluktan yetişkinliğe kadar izlenen obez hastalar görülen değişimlerin ve dönüşümlerin onlarda uyandırdığı endişe duygularını durdurmada en tercih ettikleri yol aşırı yemek yemektir. Türkiye'de yürüttüğümüz çalışmanın sonuçlarına baktığımızda bu hastalarla ilgili bazı bulgular ortaya çıkmaktadır; duygulanımların fakirleşmesi, söylemin güncellik içermesi, düşlemsel dünyanın fakirliği gibi. Özne, bedeniyle, ailesel ruhsal aygıttaki bir işlev bozukluğuna bağlı grupsal bir istırabı ifade eder. Ergenin semptomu böylece aile içerisinde merkezi bir yer edinir, ki bunun amacı ailesel süre durumunu (homeostaz) korumak ve böylece aile bedeninin bilinçdışı imgesine dönüşür. Ergenlerde obezite ile ilgili çalışmalar yapan birçok yazar, obezitenin oluşumu ile bir ayrılık ve gerçek ya da düşlemsel bir yasın işlenmesindeki zorluktan bahsederler. Bunun sonucunda ise yemek bedeni dolduran telafi edici olarak düşünülmekte, acıkmadan yemek yiyerek kişi iç boşluğu doldurmakta, arkaik yasın olanaksızlığı ve obez kişilerin dediği gibi "içte boşluk hissi" hep yaşantılanmaktadır.
Is Obesity an Eating Disorder in Adolescence?
Child and adolescent obesity has been observed much more frequently during the recent years. In psychoanalytic theory, in addition to intergenerational incorporation, obesity is also linked with such an oral phase where the baby deprives of quality maternal care. Later on, adolescence consists of rearranging relational dynamics with parents and parental imagos, that is to be able to separate from the first object. Since some disorders are diagnosed during adolescence, the "psychosomatic- psychoanalytical" point of view becomes more important. The obese patients who have been observed longitudinally from childhood to adulthood in this study have preferred to eat, to stop the worry of all the transformations they have been through. In this Turkish psychoanalytical obesity study, depletion of affects, the actualizm jn the discourse and impoverishment of phantasy are some of the prominent observations The obese subject reflects an anguish in the familial psychic apparatus through his/her body; such that the adolescent's symptom forms a central place within the family to protect the homeostatis, the obese body of the adolescent thus becomes the unconscious imago of the familial body. Many authors suggested that there is an ongoing difficulty processing a phantasmatic or factual mourning of a loss; mourning has been denied. As a result of this, food becomes a compensatory apparatus to fulfill the body; to fulfill the inner emptiness. As the impossibility of the archaic mourning, "the inner emptiness" never fade away.

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