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Yıl:2016; Cilt: ; Sayı: 25>> Özet
Yansıtma: Psikopatoloji ve Projektif Testler Dergisi; 2016;(25):49-59
Tematik Algı Tekniklerinde (TAT'ler) Niceliksel Kodlama Sistemine İlişkin Psikometrik Sorunlar
SR Jenkins (Çeviren: OT Akgün)
Tematik Algı Tekniklerinde (TAT’ler), hastadan resimler hakkında hikayeler anlatmasını isteyerek psikologların hastalarının problemlerini ve kişiliklerini anlamasında yardımcı olur. Niceliksel kodlama sistemleri için oluşturulmuş olan kodlama yönergeleri ise bize hikayelerde neleri aramamız ve bunları nasıl kodlamamız gerektiği konusundaki kuralları verir. Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik ile ilgili psikometrik teoriler yetenek testleri ne belirti, özellik ya da davranışlara yönelik öz değerlendirme ölçekleri için yapılmış olup hikâyeleri kapsamamaktadır. Yetenek testleri ve öz-değerlendirme ölçekleri için kullanılan birtakım psikometrik kurallar TAT için kullanılmamalıdır. Hastanın hikâyeleri, hastanın sosyo-bilişsel süreçlerine dair örnekler sağlamaktadır. Her bir resim bir durumu gösterir. TAT'ler durumların temsili örneklenmesi ilkesini takip eder. Hikâyeler, hastanın durumu işleme biçimlerinin örnekleridir. TAT'ler işleme kurallarını da takip eder. İşlemler, durumlar değiştiğinde değişir. Böylelikle TAT'ler güvenirlik için yeni kurallara sahip olmalıdır. TAT yorumlaması normu gerektirmez. Farklı durum kategorilerinden gelen puanlar, hastanın problematiğini anlamak amacı ile karşılaştırılır. Gelecekte yapılacak olan çalışmalara gereksinim tanımlanmıştır.
Psychometric Problems Related to Quantitative Scoring Systems in Thematic Apperceptive Techniques
Thematic Apperceptive Techniques (TAT:) help psychologists understand patients' personality and problems by asking the patients to tell stories about pictures. Scoring manuals for quantitative scoring systems give the rules for what ideas to look for in stories and how to give a score. Our psychometric theories about the validity and reliability of tests are made for tests of ability and self-rating scales of symptoms, traits, or behaviors, and not for stories. Some of the psychometric rules used to evaluate ability tests and self-rating scales should not be used with TATs. Patients' stories provide samples of the patient's social-cognitive processes. Each picture shows a situation. TATs follow principles of representative population sampling of situations. Stories are samples of patients' processing of situations. TATS also follow rules of processes. Processes change when situations change. Therefore, TATs should have new rules for reliability. TAT interpretation does not require norms. Scores from different categortes of situations can be compared to understand the patient's problems. Future research needed is described.

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