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Yıl:2014; Cilt: ; Sayı: 22>> Özet
Yansıtma: Psikopatoloji ve Projektif Testler Dergisi; 2014;(22):89-99
Öğrenme Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Ruhsal ve Bilişsel Süreçlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi
S Kap, N Zabcı
Günümüzde kabul gören tanıma göre Öğrenme Bozukluğu, zeka düzeyi normal veya normalin üzerinde olmasına rağmen, aldığı eğitim göz önünde bulundurulduğunda okuma, yazma ve aritmetik becerilerin beklenenin altında olmasıdır. Bu tanım, Öğrenme Bozukluğunun genel özelliklerini vermekte ancak etiyolojisine dair açıklama içermemektedir. Psikanalitik yaklaşım erken dönem anne bebek ilişkisi ile öğrenme Bozukluğu arasındaki bağ üzerinde durmaktadır. Erken dönem anne bebek ilişkisindeki kopukluklar depresif sorunsal, simgeleştirme kapasitesinin yetersizliği ve ketlenme ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, ÖB'de ruhsal süreçlerin bilişsel süreçler üzerine olan etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla, ruhsal süreçlere değerlendirmek üzere CAT, TAT ve Rorschach testleri, bilişsel süreçleri değerlendirmek üzere ise Bender Gestalt Görsel Motor Algı Testi uygulanmıştır. Her iki grubun yanıtları bilişsel süreçler, nesne kaybı endişesi, kapsayıcı işlevler ve dürtüsel ketlenme/taşkınlık açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Öğrenme Bozukluğu tanısı almış 30 çocuğun test yanıtları, tanı almamış kontrol grubunu oluşturan 30 normal çocuğun yanıtları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. İki grup arasında yapılan karşılaştırmalar, öğrenme bozukluğu grubu ve kontrol grubu arasında bilişsel ve ruhsal süreçler açısından anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, öğrenme bozukluğu grubunda bilişsel süreçlerde bozulma, yoğun nesne kaybı endişesi, kapsayıcı işlevlerde yetersizlik ve dürtüsel ketlenmeye/taşkınlığa işaret etmektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, ruhsal alanda var olan sorunların bilişsel süreçler üzerine olan bozucu etkisini ortaya koymaktadır.
Comparative Examination of Psychological and Cognitive Functioning in Children with Learning Disabilities
Currently the most widely accepted definition of Learning Disability is, inability to achieve the success expected in the writing, reading and calculation altough level of intelligence normal or above normal. This definition is only about general properties, not include about etiology of Learning Disability. Psychoanalytic approach expresses the link between early mother-child relationship and Learning Disability. Gaps in early mother-child realitonship has resulted with depressive anxiety, failure to symbolization capacity and inhibition in child. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pychological function on cognitive functioning in Learning Disability. For this propose the study was attempting to assess psychological functioning, by using CAT, TAT and Rorshach tests and cognitive functioning by using Bender Gestalt Visual-Motor Perception test. Test response patterns of a group of 30 children diagnosed with Learning Disability were compared to matched samples of 30 nondiagnosed controls. The two groups' response patterns were compared in terms of cognitive functioning, fear of object loss, containing functions and inhibition. Comparisons between two groups Suggested significant differences in terms of psychological and cognitive functioning. The findings indicated that the children with Learning Disability disability have on cognitive functions, intense fear of object loss, the deficiency in containing containig functions ve inhibition. The result of study reveals that disorders in psychological area have disturbance on the cognitive functions.

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