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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 18>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2020;8(18):492-506
Çelişik Türcülük Ölçeği: Ölçek Geliştirme, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
BE Altınal, G Tekdemir
İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi,İzmir
Bu çalışmanın amacı hayvanların ötekileştirilmesi ve hayvanlara yönelik önyargı ve ayrımcılık anlamına gelen türcülük olgusunun ölçülebilmesi amacıyla güncel hayvan etiği çalışmaları ile uyumlu bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Çelişik türcülük ölçeğini oluşturma amacıyla hayvan etiği alanyazını ve insan-hayvan ilişkilerini ele alan sosyal psikoloji çalışmaları incelenerek bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuş, ardından hayvan hakları üzerine çalışan kişiler ve psikolojide ölçme ve değerlendirme uzmanı olan kişilerden görüşler alınarak maddeler düzenlenmiştir. Ölçek 7 dereceli likert tipinde tasarlanmıştır. Deneme formu, Türcülük Ölçeği, Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği ve Temel Empati Ölçeği ile beraber katılımcılara uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar kartopu örneklem tekniği kullanılarak hayvan kullanımı bağlamında farklı yaşam tarzlarını temsil eden kişilerden seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcıları 64’ü erkek, 217’si kadın ve 7’si iki cinsiyetin haricinde olan 288 kişidir. Ölçeğin deneme formunda 24 madde yer alırken, yapılan analizler sonucunda bu maddelerden dokuzu elenmiştir. Ölçeğin 15 maddelik son halinin ᾳ=.90 puan ile yüksek güvenilirliğe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin maddeleri, insan üstünlüğü inancı, korumacı türcülük ve dilde türcülük olmak üzere üç ayrı alt boyuta dağılmaktadır. Ölçekten alınan puanların, beklenildiği üzere, türcülüğü ölçen diğer ölçekten ve sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ölçeğinden alınan puanlarla pozitif korelasyon içinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçekten alınan puanlar, hayvan kullanımına dair yaşam tarzlarını içeren gruplara beklenildiği şekilde dağılmıştır. Bu veriler, ölçeğin geçerliliğini gösteren bulgular olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Ambivalent Speciesism Scale: Development, Validity and Reliability
The aim of this study is to develop a scale compatible with current animal ethics studies to measure the phenomenon of speciesism, that is marginalization of animals and prejudice and discrimination against animals. In order to develop the Ambivalent Speciesism Scale, an item pool was created by examining the animal ethics literature and social psychology studies on human-animal relations, and then the items were edited by taking the opinions of people studying animal rights and experts in measurement and evaluation in psychology. The scale is designed in 7-point Likert type. The trial form was applied to the participants together with the Speciesism Scale, the Social Dominance Orientation Scale and the Basic Empathy Scale. Participants were selected from individuals representing different lifestyles in the context of animal use, using the snowball sampling technique. The study was conducted with 288 participants; 64 men, 217 women and, 7 of whom are not of both genders. While there were 24 items in the trial form of the scale, nine of these items were eliminated as a result of the factor analysis. The final form of the scale with 15 items has a high reliability (.90). The items of the scale are divided into three dimensions: belief in human superiority, protective speciesism, and speciesism in language. It was determined that the scores obtained from the scale were in positive correlation with the scores obtained from the other scale measuring speciesism and the social dominance orientation scale, as expected. The scores obtained from the scale are distributed as expected among the groups that include lifestyles related to animal use. These data were evaluated as findings showing the validity of the scale

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