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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2018;8(4):251-265
Demans-psödodemans ve hafif bilişsel bozukluk arasında tanı ve tedavi yönünden ayrım güçlükleri
EE Kılıçaslan, Ş Gülseren
İzmir Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi,
Dünyada yaşlı nüfusun giderek artmasıyla birlikte yaşlanmayla görülen hastalıklarda da artış gözlenmektedir. Bu yaş grubundaki hastalarda sıklıkla karşılaşılan ruhsal ve bilişsel alandaki yakınmaların ne kadarının normal bir deneyimin parçası olduğunun, ne kadarının bir hastalık göstergesi olduğunun ayırt edilmesi ve eğer bir hastalık göstergesi ise ayırıcı tanısının yapılabilmesi oldukça önemlidir, ancak güçtür. Bu da çoğu zaman tedavinin aksamasına ve gecikmesine neden olabilmektedir. Günümüzde yaşam süresinin uzaması nedeniyle daha fazla sayıda yaşlı hasta bilişsel işlevlerde bozulma, depresif belirtiler, somatik yakınmalar veya psikotik bulgular ile psikiyatri polikliniğine başvurmaktadır. Bu belirtiler demans, depresyon ve hafif bilişsel bozulma gibi farklı nedenler- le ortaya çıkmakta, ancak bu hastaların muayenesi sırasında ayırımı zor olgularla karşılaşılabilmektedir. Yaşlılıkta en sık görülen psikiyatrik bo- zukluk demansiyel sendromlar olmakla birlikte sağlıklı yaşlılar arasında bilişsel açıdan progresif bir azalmaya maruz kalacak grubu tanımlaya- bilmek pratik açıdan çok önemlidir. Öznel bellek yakınmasıyla başlayan Hafif Bilişsel Bozukluk günlük yaşam işlevlerinde kayıp görülmeyen, Alzheimer Hastalığı öncesi bir ara aşamadır. Psödodemans ise, klinik belirtiler ve görünümü açısından yaşlı hastalarda demansı düşündüren, ancak mevcut depresyonun sağaltımı sonucunda bilişsel işlevlerdeki bozukluğun düzeldiği tabloyu tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu yazıda, bu bozukluklarda arada kalınan zor durumlara yaklaşım ele alınacaktır.
Difficulties in differential diagnosis and treatment issues between dementia-pseudodementia and mild cognitive impairment
With the increasing number of the elderly people in the world, an increase is observed in diseases seen with aging. Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms are frequently seen in this age group. It is very important to recognize how often these symptoms are part of a normal experience or a indicator of a disease. However, the difficulties due to cases difficult to differentiate can often lead to disruption and delay in treatment. Today, due to the prolongation of life expectancy, more elderly patients are admitted to the psychiatry outpatient clinic with impaired cognitive functions, depressive symptoms, somatic complaints or psychotic symptoms. These symptoms may occur due to different reasons such as dementia, depression and mild cognitive impairment, but it can be difficult to differentiate these patients during the examination. Dementia is the most common psychiatric disorders in the elderly, and it is very important to define the candidate individuals that will be subject to a progressive decline in their cognitive functioning among healthy elderly people. Mild Cognitive Impairment, begins with subjective memory complaints without loss in daily life functions, and it is an intermediate stage before Alzheimer’s Disease. Pseudodementia, in terms of clinical symptoms and appearance, suggests dementia in elderly patients. However, in this disorder, cognitive functions improves after the treatment of the current depression. In this paper, the approach to difficult situations among these diseases will be discussed.

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