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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2018;8(3):153-161
Şizofreni ve diğer psikotik bozukluklarda aile yükü
A Üçok
İstanbul
Şizofreni objektif ve subjektif aile yükünün en yüksek olduğu hastalıklardan biridir. Aile yükü bakımverenin yaşı ve eğitim düzeyi, hastanın belirti şiddeti, yetiyitimi düzeyi ve tedaviye yanıt düzeyiyle ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bakımverende iş verimliliğinin azalması, gelir kaybı, hipertansiyon gibi kronik hastalıkların daha sık g.rülmesi, kendine ait zamanın azalması aile yükünün objektif bileşenini oluşturan değişkenlerdendir. Subjektif yük ise su.luluk, .fke, .aresizlik hissi, damgalanmayla ilişkili endişeler, kendisinin ve hasta olan yakının geleceğine ilişkin kaygılar gibi sorunlardan kaynaklanır. Subjektif yük aile üyesinin hasta bireyle olan akrabalık ilişkisine g.re değişiklik g.sterir. Aile yükünün azaltılması ve aile i.indeki işlevsel olmayan iletişim bi.iminin değişmesinin şizofreninin gidişini olumlu etkilediği bilinmektedir. Buna karşın psikiyatristler aileyi işbirliği yapılacak bir müttefikten .ok hastanın sorunlarının kaynağı olarak g.rme eğilimindedir. Şizofreni hastasının değerlendirilmesine aile de dahil edilmelidir. Aile i.indeki etkileşimde hastanın remisyona girmesini gü.leştiren bir bozukluk varsa birka. seanslık aile toplantıları yapılmalıdır. Tekli ya da .oklu psikoeğitim toplantıları ailenin başa .ıkma kapasitesini arttırırken, yalıtılmışlık hissini ve işlevsel olmayan davranışları azaltmakta yararlıdır. Aileye y.nelik psikososyal girişimlerin psikiyatri kliniğinin rutin girişimlerinin bir par.ası haline getirilmesi aile yükünün azaltılmasına yardımcı olacaktır.
Family burden in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Schizophrenia is one of the psychiatric illnesses with highest level of family burden. Familiy burden has been found related to age and education of caregiver, severity of clinical symptoms, disability level and response to previous medications. Loss of productivity and income, chronic illnesses like hypertension, loss of freetime for recreational activities are compounds of objective burden. Subjective burden consist of feelings of guilt, anger, helplessness, concerns related to stigma, and anxiety related to future of himself/herself and the ill member of the family. Level of subjective burden depends on individuals’ closeness to ill member. Reduction of family burden and dysfunctional behaviours among family members has been found related to better outcome in schizophrenia. On the other hand, psychiatrists have a tendency to regard the family as a source of the patient’s problem rather than an ally to collaborate. Family member should be included to assessment of the patient. If there is a dysfunctional pattern of behavior which obstacle the remission of the patient, one or more family meetings shoud be organized. Single or multi-family psychoeducation sessions help to increase the coping capacity of the family and reduces the feeling of isolation and dysfuctional behavior. If psychosocial interventions targeting family become a part of routin care in psychiatric instutitions, it helps to reduce the family burden.

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