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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2017;7(4):297-306
Psikanalitik yönelim hastane ve poliklinik hizmetlerine nasıl yansır?“Onbeș dakikada psikanaliz miyapacağız?”
PG Gökalp
Maltepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Psikiyatri hekimi (asistan veya uzman), poliklinikte çalışırken genellikle kısa bir zaman diliminde hastanın yakınmalarını dinleyip, psikiyatrik muayeneyi yapıp, tanı koymayı ve gereken tedavi önerilerini belirlemeyi hedefler. Günümüzde kamuya bağlı sağlık kurumlarında bu psikiyatrik değerlendirme ve tedaviyi belirleme gibi işlevler hastayla ilk görüşmeyi yapan hekimin yapması gerekenlerin sadece bir bölümüdür. Hastanın karşısındaki hekimle bir güven ilişkisi kurmadan anlatamayacağı sorunları ya da yaşantıları olabilir. Bunların konuşulabilmesi için uygun süre, birden fazla, çok seyrek olmayan klinik görüşmeler ve mahremiyetin sağlandığı uygun ortam vazgeçemeyeceğimiz koşullardır. Bir kısım ruh sağlığı hizmeti veren kurumda, ilk basamakta genel bir değerlendirme ve taramadan geçen hastaların yönlendirildiği özelleşmiş poliklinikler, ikinci basamak hizmetleri veya psikoterapi merkezleri vardır. Çoğu büyük şehirlerde olmak üzere, psikanalitik kuramla tanışmış, yapılandırılmış ve uluslararası standartlara uygun psikanaliz eğitimini sürdüren psikanalist adayları veya eğitimini tamamlamış psikanalistler, ruh sağlığı hizmeti sunan kurumlarda poliklinik hizmeti vermektedir. Bu yazıda, poliklinik koşullarında psikanalitik yönelimin nasıl bir yeri olabileceği ele alınacaktır. Psikiyatri hekimi hastayı dinlerken bir yandan hastanın gerçeklik düzleminde söylediklerini duyar; diğer yandan da “psikanalitik dinleme” yoluyla işittiği malzemeyi aktarım ve savunma düzenekleri açısından değerlendirir. Bu arada, hekim-hasta “karşı- laşması” sırasında hekimin karşı aktarımını da gözden kaçırmamalıyız. Ayrıca hastanın söyledikleri kadar, söylemedikleri, beden dili, ifade ve mimikleri de bu “dinlemenin” bir parçası olacaktır. Sonuçta, on beş dakikada psikanaliz yapılmaz ama psikanalitik dinleme ile bazı ipuçlarını daha kolay fark edip anlamak için bir alan açılmış olacaktır.
How can psychoanalytic orientation effect outpatient services? Are we talking about psychoanalysis in fifteen minutes?
Psychiatrists (trainees and specialists) generally work in a limited time frame to listen to the patients’ complaints, complete the psychiatric examination, diagnose and decide the appropriate treatment options in outpatient facilities. Especially, the above-mentioned functions as psychiatric evaluation and establishing the diagnosis and treatment are only a part of what the psychiatrist who is conducting the first interview should do. The patients might have problems and/or experiences that s/he cannot share with the doctor before establishing a trusting relationship. Several evaluation sessions that are not very rare, appropriate length of time and setting where patient confidentiality is secured are necessary conditions for the patients to speak about difficult issues. In certain institutions where mental health services are provided, patients are referred to specialized departments such as second step or psychotherapy units. Mostly in large cities, psychiatrists who are already familiar with psychoanalytic theory, candidates in the process of psychoanalytic training, or psychoanalysts who completed their training work in outpatient facilities. In this paper, the place of psychoanalytic orientation will be discussed. In this context, the psychiatrist who is hearing what the patient is saying on the reality plane, on the other hand, will hear the material of the patient through “psychoanalytic listening” from the perspective of transference and different defense mechanisms. We should not avoid the psychiatrist’s counter transference during the doctor-patient encounters, either. On the other hand, the material that the patient has omitted, as well as s/he presented, body language, expressions and gestures will be a part of this “listening”. As a result, even though there will be no psychoanalysis in fifteen minutes, a space will open during the session by being aware of certain features and better understanding.

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