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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2017;7(3):240-252
Dirençli bipolar depresyon: Tanımdan sağaltıma
S Vahip
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Bipolar bozukluğun depresyon dönemi, hastaların en çok ıstırap çektiği, klinisyenlerin de sağaltımında en çok zorlandığı dönemlerin başında gelmektedir. Eldeki olanaklar manik dönem sağaltımında yeterli olmasına karşın depresyon dönemi sağaltımında gereksinimleri karşılamaktan oldukça uzaktır. Durum böyle olunca uygulanan sağaltımlara yeterli yanıt vermeyen ya da dirençli diyebileceğimiz bipolar depresyon tanılı hastalar sık karşılaşılan durumlardır. Bipolar depresyon sağaltımı için kanıt sağlayan araştırmalar oldukça yetersizdir. Yeterli kanıtların olmadığı yerde uzlaşılar ve standartlar da oluşamamaktadır. Sonuçta, bipolar depresyon sağaltımı uzmanlar arası, kılavuzlar arası ve ülkelerarası en büyük farklılıkların görüldüğü alan olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Standart ilk adım sağaltımlarının olmadığı yerde direnç kavramı da büyük farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bir yandan sağaltıma dirençli hastaların fazlalığı, bir yandan bu hastalarda özkıyım riskinden zayıf işlevselliğe çok ciddi sonuçların varlığı sağaltıma dirençli bipolar depresyonu çok önemli bir olgu yapmaktadır. Bu yazıda konunun önemi, eldeki olanakların kısıtlılığının ve belirsizliklerin arka planı, direnç tanımındaki farklılıklar ve izlenecek yola ilişkin farklı önerilerle birlikte gözden geçirilecek ve klinisyenlerin uygulamasına yönelik bir dereceli direnç tanımlaması ile yaklaşım ve sağaltım önerileri sunulacaktır.
Resistant bipolar depression: from definition to treatment
Depressive episode of bipolar disorder is the most painful part for the patient and the most difficult to treat part for the clinician. Current options in treating manic episode are sufficient while they are far from meeting needs in the treatment of depressive episode. As a result, patients with insufficient responses to treatments or so called “resistant” bipolar depression patients are common. Research providing evidence on bipolar depression is extremely insufficient. In the lack of sufficient evidence, consensus and standards cannot be established. As a consequence, treatment of bipolar depression is the area that highest difference among experts, guidelines and countries are seen. Due to lack of standards in the first line treatments, definitions of resistance also vary in huge amount. On one hand, very high numbers of treatment resistant patients and on the other hand, serious consequences from risk of suicide to poor functioning make treatment resistant bipolar depression extremely important. In this paper, importance of the issue, background of the limitations and uncertainties of current options, differences among definitions of resistance and different proposals as guidance will be reviewed, and a graded resistance definition and general approach and treatment proposals will be provided for clinicians’ practice.

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