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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2017;7(3):274-286
Bipolar sağaltımında duygudurum dengeleyici ilaçların yan etkileri ve başetme yolları
A Uluşahin
Serbest Psikiyatrist, Ankara
Bipolar bozukluğu olan hastaların akut duygudurum dönemlerinin dışında koruyucu olarak uzun süreli ilaç kullanma gerekliliği vardır. Hatta, çoğu durumda hastalar birden fazla ilaç almak zorunda kalırlar. Bipolar bozukluk sağaltımında en sık kullanılan ilaçlar lityum ve antiepileptik duygudurum dengeleyicilerin kan, deri, böbrek, sindirim sistemleriyle ilgili, nöropsikiyatrik, metabolik, endokrin, cinsel ve teratojenik yan etkileri görülebilir. Bipolar hastalarda en fazla sıkıntı yaratan yan etkiler kilo alımı, sedasyon, cinsel işlev bozuklukları ve bilişsel problemlerdir. Sık karşılaşılan ilaç yan etkilerinin bir kısmı sağaltımın başında daha belirgin olup, zaman içinde hafifler hatta kaybolabilirler. Tremor, bulantı gibi sık görülen birçok yan etki dozla ilişkilidir, dozu azaltınca yatışır. Bu nedenle ilaçların etkili oldukları en düşük dozlarda kullanılmalarında yarar vardır. Ender ortaya çıkan bazı yan etkiler ise yaşamsal önemi olabilen ciddi sorunlara yol açar, ilacın hemen kesilmesini gerektirirler. Ayrıca ileri yaştaki ya da başka ilaç kullanımını gerektiren bedensel hastalığı olan bipolar hastalarda ilaç yan etkilerine özellikle dikkat etmek gerekir. Kullanılan ilaçlara bağlı olarak görülebilen yan etkiler bipolar bozukluk sağaltımında önemli sorunlardan biri olan ilaç uyumsuzluğuna yol açabilmeleri açısından da önem taşır. Sağaltımın başlangıcında hastaları çıkabilecek yan etkiler konusunda eğitmek ilaç uyumunu artırabilir. Bu yazıda lityum ve antiepileptik duygudurum dengeleyicilerinin yan etkileri ele alınacak ve bu yan etkilerin çıktığı durumlardaki yaklaşım ilkeleri üzerinde durulacaktır.
The prevalence and management of side effects of mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder
Treatment of bipolar disorder depends on pharmacotherapy, not only during acute depressive and manic episodes but for long-term management as well. Majority of bipolar patients receive more than one medication. Lithium and anticonvulsant mood stabilizers may cause neuropsychiatric, dermatological, hematological, endocrine, gastrointestinal, metabolic, nephrogenic, neurologic, sexual, and teratogenic adverse effects. For bipolar patients the most bothering adverse effects are weight gain, sedation, sexual dysfunctions and cognitive disturbances. Some of the most common adverse effects of these medications are transient, emerge at the early phases of the treatment and then fade away. Many adverse effects like tremor or nausea are dose related, require optimizing medication dosage. Therefore minimum effective dosing is essential for minimizing adverse effects. Some rare adverse effects, however, can be life-threatening which need immediate discontinuation of the medication. Furthermore as a well-known fact elderly bipolar patients and patients with medical comorbidities are more vulnerable to adverse effects of mood stabilizers. Adverse effects of medications are among the main causes of medication nonadherence which is one of the major challenges in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Psychoeducation about the adverse effects at the beginning of the treatment would help in improving medication adherence. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the adverse effects of the mood stabilizers used for the treatment of bipolar disorder and discuss the management strategies in the light of recent literature.

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