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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2017;7(3):186-197
Bipolar bozuklukta bedensel hastalıklar: Nasıl tanırız? Nasıl tedavi ederiz?
ET Oral, B İnce
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Bipolar bozukluk, önemli nöropsikiyatrik etkileri, sosyal sonuçları ve ayrıca tıbbi ek tanıları nedeniyle dünya genelinde yetiyitiminin önde gelen nedenlerindendir. Ciddi ruhsal hastalıklar ve genel tıbbi hastalıklar arasındaki ektanı durumu, istisna olmaktan ziyade kuraldır. Genel tıbbi ek tanı özellikle bipolar bozukluk hastaları için önemli bir sorun olarak görülmektedir. Bipolar bozuklukta ektanı oranı %65 civarındadır ve bunların dörtte birinde üç veya daha fazla genel tıbbi tanı mevcuttur. Bu yüksek tıbbi ek tanı bipolar bozukluk için daha kötü bir seyir ve sonuç ile ilişkilidir. Ayrıca bipolar bozukluğu olan hastaların ek tıbbi hastalıklardan dolayı erken ölüm riski altında olabileceğine dair artan kanıtlar vardır. Bipolar bozuklukta en sık görülen genel tıbbi ektanılar tiroid hastalıkları, aşırı şişmanlık, tip II diyabet, hiperlipidemi, migren, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, astım ve multipl skleroz'dur. Bipolar bozuklukta yüksek ektanı oranlarının nedenleri sağlıksız beslenme, hareketsiz yaşam tarzı, sigara ve madde kullanım bozuklukları ile ilişkili olabilir. Ayrıca bağışıklık sistemi ve hipotalamik-pituiter eksende stresle ilişkili etkiler, farmakolojik tedavilerin metabolik yan etkileri ve genetik yatkınlık ve örtüşme gibi bipolar hastalıklarla ilişkili biyolojik faktörler ektanı riskini artırabilir. Bekleneceği üzere, ek tıbbi hastalığı olan bipolar bozukluk hastalarının tedavisi daha zordur ve tedavi stratejileri için yeterli veri yoktur. Bu hastalardaki tıbbi ek hastalıkları önlemek veya tedavi etmek, ek tıbbi hastalıklarla ilişkili morbidite ve ölümü azaltmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda bipolar bozukluğun seyrini de iyi yönde etkileyebilir.
Medical Disorders in Bipolar Illness: How to diagnose? How to treat?
Bipolar disorder is among the leading causes of disability worldwide because of its considerable neuropsychiatric and social effects and also medical comorbidities. Comorbidity between severe mental disorders and general medical illness conditions is the rule rather than the exception. General medical comorbidity has been recognized as an important problem especially for bipolar disorder patients. The rate of comorbidity in bipolar disorder is around 65% and one fourth of them have three or more general medical illnesses. This high medical comorbidity is ultimately associated with a worse course and outcome for bipolar disorder. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that patients with bipolar disorder may be at higher risk of premature death from comorbid medical illnesses. The most common general medical comorbidities in bipolar disorder include thyroid illness, obesity, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, migraine, cardiovascular disease, asthma and multiple sclerosis. The causes of high comorbidity rates in bipolar disorder may be associated with unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and comorbid substance use disorders. Also biologic factors associated with bipolar illness, such as stress related effects on the immune system and on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, metabolic side effects of pharmacologic treatments and genetic predisposition and pleiotropy may also increase the risk of comorbidity. As expected, the treatment of bipolar disorder patients with comorbid medical illness is more difficult and there is not enough data for treatment strategies. Preventing or treating medical comorbidities in these patients may not only reduce morbidity and mortality associated with additional medical conditions, but also may affect the course of bipolar disorder positively.

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