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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 31; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2020;31(2):131-136
Bilişsel Bozukluk ve Hipomani Belirtileriyle Başvuran Bir Araknoid Kist Olgusu
B Geniş, B Coşar
Çaycuma Devlet Hastanesi, Zonguldak
Araknoid kistler araknoidin benign konjenital malformasyonlarıdır. Araknoid kistler kafa içi lezyonlarının yaklaşık %1,4’ünü oluşturur. Genellikle asemptomatik olmalarına rağmen baş ağrısı, hidrosefali ve nöbet eşlik edebilir. Araknoid kistlerle ilişkili psikiyatrik bozukluklar nadirdir. Bu makalede, hipomani semptomları ve belirgin bilişsel bozukluğu olan dev bir araknoid kist sunuyoruz. Kırk dört yaşında kadın hasta polikliniğimize baş ağrısı, sinirlilik ve dikkat problemleri ile başvurdu. Dört yıldır devam eden baş ağrısı şikâyeti için manyetik rezonans görüntüleme yapıldı. Hastanın sol hemisferinde 5,5x10,5x12,5 cm boyutlarında dev bir araknoid kist bulundu. Hastadaki sinirlilik, konuşma artışı, fikir uçuşması, uyku bozukluğu ve dikkat bozuklukları birlikte değerlendirildiğinde hipomani tanısı kondu. Nöropsikolojik testler, bilgi işlem hızının, zihinsel esnekliğin ve dikkat işlevlerinin azaldığını ve yürütücü işlevlerin bozulmakta olduğunu gösterdi. Bu bulgular ile hasta beyin cerrahisi bölümüne danışıldı. Beyin cerrahisi, cerrahi tedavi planlamadı ve semptomatik tedavi önerdi. Hipomanik semptomlar ve bilişsel bozulma için ilaç tedavisini başlatmayı planladık, fakat hasta ile iletişim kuramadığımız için tedaviye başlayamadık. Bu durum çalışmamız için ciddi bir sınırlamadır. Bununla birlikte, kistin büyüklüğü, bilişsel işlevlerin önemli derecede bozulması ve hipomani semptomlarının varlığı literatüre önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunacaktır. Bilişsel bozukluğu olan araknoid kist olguları makalemizde özetlendi.
A Case of Arachnoid Cyst Presenting with Cognitive Impairment and Hypomania Symptoms
Arachnoid cysts are benign congenital malformations of the arachnoid which account for approximately 1.4% of the intracranial lesions. Although it is usually asymptomatic, it may be accompanied by headache, hydrocephalus and seizure. Psychiatric disorders associated with arachnoid cysts are rare. In this article, we present a giant arachnoid cyst with hypomania symptoms and marked cognitive impairment. A 44-year-old female patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic with a 4-year history of headache, nervousness and attention problems. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a giant arachnoid cyst with a size of 5.5x10.5x12.5 cm was found in the left hemisphere of the patient. Considering the patient’s irritability, increase in the amount of speech, flight of ideas, sleep disturbance and attention disorders, the diagnosis of hypomania was made. The neuropsychological tests showed that the speed of information processing, mental flexibility and attention functions decreased, and executive functions were impaired. The patient was consulted to the neurosurgery department. But no surgical treatment was offered. Drug therapy for hypomanic symptoms and cognitive impairment was planned, but could not be started since the patient did not attend to the follow-up exams. Albeit the lack of followup constitutes a limitation for our report, we believe that the size of the cyst, significant impairment of cognitive functions and the presence of hypomania symptoms might contribute significantly to the literature. Other cases with arachnoid cyst displaying cognitive impairment were summarized in our article.

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