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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 21; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2020;21(4):435-442
Prenatal androjenler ve otizm spektrum bozukluğu, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, yıkıcı davranış bozuklukları belirtileri
H Güneş, C Tanıdır, H Doktur, Z Önal, E Kutlu, H Önal, K Münir
Gelişim Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda, prenatal androjen maruziyetinin otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), yıkıcı davranış bozuklukları/YDB (karşıt olma karşı gelme bozukluğu/ KOKG ve davranım bozukluğu/DB) ve bunların subklinik belirtilerinin gelişmesinde rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı kız çocuklarda prenatal dönemde aşırı androjen maruziyetine yol açan konjenital adrenal hiper-plazi (KAH) tanısı almış çocuk ve ergenlerde otizm spektrum bozukluğu özellikleri, DEHB ve YDB (KOKG ve DB) belirtilerinin sıklığının araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: KAH tanısı konmuş 45 çocuk ve ergen olgu (27 kız, ortalama yaş: 11.1±3; 18 erkek, ortalama yaş: 10.8±3.6) ve bu olguların etkilenmemiş akrabaları (16 kız, ortalama yaş: 11.4±3.9; 14 erkek, otalama yaş: 12.6±4.2) çalışmaya alınmıştır. Sosyal İletişim Ölçeği ve Turgay Yıkıcı Davranım Bozukluk-ları için DSM-IV’e Dayalı Tarama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği (T-DSM-IV-S), sırasıyla otizm spektrum bozukluğu özel-likleri, DEHB ve YDB (KOKG ve DB) belirtilerinin sıklığını değerlendirmek üzere ebeveynler tarafından doldurulmuş-tur. Bulgular: Bu araştırmanın sonucunda KAH tanısı konan erkek olgularda OSB özelliklerinin görülme sıklığının etkilenmemiş erkek akrabalarla karşılaştırıldığında artmış olduğu gösterilmiştir. KAH tanısı konan ve etkilenmemiş kız olgular arasında OSB özellikleri sıklığı açısından bir fark bulunmamıştır. KAH tanısı konmuş kız ve erkek olgularla bu olguların etkilenmemiş kız ve erkek akrabaları arasında dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite belirtilerinin sıklığı açısından bir fark bulunmamıştır. KAH tanısı konan erkek olgularda KOKG belirtileri sıklığı etkilenmemiş erkek akrabalara göre artmıştır. KAH tanısı konan erkek olgularda DB belirtileri sıklığının etkilenmemiş erkek akrabalara göre artış eğilimi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmamız prenatal androjen maruziyetinin OSB, DEHB ve YDB ile ilişkili olduğu hipotezini desteklememektedir. KAH tanısı konan erkek çocuklarda artmış YDB belirtileri sıklığı postnatal androjen düzeyleri, yüksek testosterone/kortizol oranı, düşük bazal kortizol düzeyi veya hipotalomopitiüter aks disregülasyonu ile ilişkili olabilir. Daha geniş bir örneklemle yapılacak olan araştırmaların sözü geçen bağlantıları değerlendirmek üzere yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Prenatal androgens and autistic, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and disruptive behavior disorders traits
Objective: Androgen exposure is hypothesized to play a role in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and disruptive behavior disorders/DBDs (oppositional defiant disorder/ODD and conduct disorder/CD). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate ASD, ADHD, and DBD (ODD and CD) traits in children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a natural cause of prenatal androgen excess in females. Methods: Forty-five children and adolescents (27 girls, mean age 11.1±3; 18 boys, mean age 10.8±3.6) with CAH and their unaffected siblings (16 girls, mean age 11.4±3.9; 14 boys, mean age 12.6±4.2) were included in the study. Parents completed the Social Communication Questionnaire, to measure ASD symptoms; and the Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale to assess ADHD and DBD traits. Results: In this study, boys but not girls with CAH showed higher autistic traits. There was no significant difference between either girls or boys with CAH and their unaffected counterparts with respect to inattention or hyperactivity symptoms. Boys with CAH showed more ODD symptoms than the unaffected boys. There was a trend for boys to have more CD symptoms compared to unaffected boys. Conclusions: Our study does not support the hypothesis that prenatal androgen exposure is associated with ASD, ADHD or DBDs. Postnatal/circulating androgen levels, higher testosterone/cortisol ratio, lower basal cortisol or dysregulation in HPA axis might be related to higher autistic traits or increased DBDs symptoms found in boys with CAH. Further investigations with larger groups are needed to clarify these associations.

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