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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 57; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2019;57(4):8-14
İçedönük ve Dışadönük Kişilik Tipleriyle Davranışsal İnhibisyon ve Aktivasyon Sistemleri Arasındaki İlişkiler: Deneysel ve Psikometrik Bir Çalışma
Y Bilge, G Balaban
İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Pekiştireç Duyarlılık Teorisi’nde belirtilen “Davranışsal İnhibisyon Sistemi’nin içedönüklükle bağlantılı olduğu, dolayısıyla içedönüklerin dışadönüklere göre cezaya ödülden daha duyarlı oldukları ve öğrenme sürecinde cezanın ödülden daha etkili olacağı” ve “Davranışsal Aktivasyon Sistemi’nin dışadönüklükle bağlantılı olduğu, dolayısıyla dışadönüklerin içedönüklere göre ödüle cezadan daha duyarlı oldukları ve öğrenme sürecinde ödülün cezadan daha etkili olduğu” hipotezlerini psikometrik ve deneysel açıdan araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Toplam 744 üniversite öğrencisi arasından Eysenck Kişilik Envanteri uygulanarak seçilen 1840 (21,20±3,68) yaş aralığındaki 84’ü kadın ve 50’si erkek toplam 134 kişi, kişilik tiplerine ve uygulanacak pekiştireç türlerine göre içedönük-ödül, içedönük-ceza, dışadönük-ödül ve dışadönük-ceza olarak dört deney grubuna ayrılmıştır. Katılımcılara Davranışsal İnhibisyon Sistemi/Davranışsal Aktivasyon Sistemi Ölçeği (DİS/DAS) ve Sözel Bellek Süreçleri Testi’nde yer alan kelimeler ile işitsel ve görsel ödül ve cezayı içeren öğrenme deneyi bilgisayar ortamında uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Kişilik tipi-pekiştireç türü gruplarının performans puanları karşılaştırılması sonucunda içedönük-ceza grubu performans puanının içedönük-ödül grubu ve dışadönük-ceza grubunun performans puanlarından; dışadönük-ödül grubunun başarı puanının dışadönük-ceza ve içedönük-ödül grubunun performans puanından anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. İçedönük ve dışadönük tiplerin DİS/ DAS puanlarının karşılaştırılması sonucunda, içedönük grubun cezaya duyarlılıkla bağlantılı DİS puanının dışadönük grubun DİS puanından anlamlı seviyede yüksek olduğu, dışadönük grubun ödüle duyarlılıkla bağlantılı DAS puanlarının içedönük grubun DAS puanından anlamlı seviyede yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Eysenck’in kişilik teorisinde iddia ettiği içedönüklerin dışadönüklerden daha iyi öğrendiği hipotezi reddedilirken Gray’in içedönüklerde Davranışsal İnhibisyon Sisteminin daha baskın olduğu dolayısıyla daha cezaya duyarlı oldukları, dışadönüklerin ise Davranışsal Aktivasyon Sisteminin daha baskın olması nedeniyle ödüle daha duyarlı oldukları hipotezi hem deneysel hem de psikometrik açıdan doğrulanmıştır
The Relationships Between Introvert and Extravert Personality Traits with Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems: An Experimental and Psychometric Study
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the hypotheses psychometrically and experimentally which is claimed on Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory that “Behavioral Inhibition System is associated with introversion, so introverts are more sensitive to punishment than reward in comparison with extraverts and in learning process punishment is more efficient than reward” and “Behavioral Activation System is associated with extraversion, so extraverts are more sensitive to reward than punishment in comparison with introverts and in learning process reward is more efficient than punishment”. Methods: This study was conducted with 134 participants of 84 female and 50 male aged between 18-40 (mean=21.20±3.68) that were selected among 744 university students using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the participants were divided into four experimental groups of introvert-reward, introvert-punishment, extravert-reward and extravert-punishment according to personality traits and reinforcement types. Participants were given Behavioral Inhibition System / Behavioral Activation System Scale and a computerized learning experiment that included the words in the Verbal Memory Processes Scala with auditory and visual reward and punishment. Results: As a result of comparing the performance score of personality trait- reinforcement types groups, it was demonsrated that the performance score of introvert-punishment group was significantly higher than the performance score of introvert-reward and extravert-punishment groups; the success score of extravert-reward group is significantly higher than the performance score of extravert-punishment and introvert-reward groups. According to the comparison of BIS/BAS scale scores of introverts and extraverts, it was determined that the BIS score of introverts related with sensitivity to punishment was significantly higher than the BIS score of extraverts; the BAS score of extraverts related with sensitivity to reward was significantly higher than the BAS score of introverts. Conclusion: The hypothesis claimed by Eysenck in his personality theory that the introverts learn much better than extraverts was rejected and the hypothesis claimed by Gray that the Behavioral Inhibition System is more dominant in introverts so the introverts are more sensitive to punishment, the Behavioral Activation System is more dominant in extraverts so the extraverts are more sensitive to reward was confirmed both experimentally and psychometrically.

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