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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 21; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2020;21(2):195-202
Reçete edilen psikoaktif ilaçların kötüye kullanılması
E Mutlu, F Aşıcıoğlu
Adalet Bakanlığı Adli Tıp Kurumu, İstanbul
Amaç: Psikoaktif ilaçların kötüye kullanılması ve bağımlılığı dünyada giderek artan bir sorun haline gelmiştir. 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 188/6. maddesinde ‘Üretimi resmi makamların iznine veya satışı yetkili tabip tarafından düzenlenen reçeteye bağlı olan ve uyuşturucu veya uyarıcı madde etkisi doğuran her türlü madde açısından da madde hükümleri uygulanır. Ancak, verilecek ceza yarısına kadar indirilebilir.’ denilerek bu tür ilaçların suiistimali halinde uyuşturucu madde kapsamında değerlendirileceklerini müeyyide altına almıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki suiistimal edilen ve adli makamlara yansıyan psikoaktif etkili ilaç olgularının çeşitleri ve sıklıklarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Adli Tıp Kurumu 5. İhtisas Kurulu’nda 01.01.2012-01.01.2019 tarihleri arasında 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 188/6. maddesi kapsamında değerlendirilen dosyalar incelenmiştir. Dosyalar suiistimal edilen ilaçların dağılımları, bu ilaçlarla birlikte saptanan diğer uyuşturucu maddeler, ilaç formları ve miktarları yönüyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada 1710 rapor incelenmiştir. En sık kötüye kullanılan ilaç gurubu benzodiyazepinler olup bu grubun en sık kötüye kullanılan üyeleri ise sıklık sırası ile klonazepam, diyazepam ve alprazolam olmuştur. Pregabalin, gabapentin, buprenorfin ve ketiyapin suiistimal sıklığı açısından ilk sıralarda yer alan diğer ilaçlar olmuştur. İlaçlarla birlikte en sık saptanan uyuşturucu maddeler esrar, sentetik kannabinoidler ve metilendioksimetamfetamindir. Olay yerlerinde ve şüpheliler üzerinde en fazla buprenorfin ve pregabalin saptanmıştır. Biyolojik örneklerde ise en fazla gabapentin saptanmıştır. Tartışma: Elde edilen verilere göre, kötüye kullanılan ilaç profillerinin zaman içinde değişim gösterebildiği ve bu değişimlerin yurtdışı akımlardan etkilenebildiği söylenebilir. İlaçların kötüye kullanılmasını azaltmak için, psikoaktif ilaç reçetelerinin daha sıkı kontrol edilmesi, klinisyenlerin kötüye kullanılma olasılığı olan ilaçların endikasyon, doz ve kullanım takibi açısından daha dikkatli olmaları, hastaların tıbbi özgeçmişlerinin ayrıntılı olarak sorgulanması, bağımlılık potansiyeli olan ilaçlar konusunda hastaların bilgilendirilmesi, bu ilaçları reçeteyle alıp sokakta satan kişiler üzerindeki cezaların artırılması, psikoaktif ilaçlara bağlı toksisite ve ölüm verilerinin belirlenmesi ve izlenmesi uyuşturucu ile bilimsel temelli mücadele açısından önem taşımaktadır. (Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2020; 21(2):195-202)
Abuse of prescribed psychoactive drugs
Objective: The abuse of psychoactive drugs and addiction to them have been a growing problem in the world. Article 188/6 of the Turkish Criminal Code numbered 5237 states ‘The provisions of this article shall apply to any substance whose production is subject to the approval of official authorities or whose sales is subject to the prescription issued by the authorized physician, and to other substances causes a narcotic or stimulant effect. However, the imposed penalty can be reduced to half.’ and warrants a penalty, indicating that such drugs will be considered in the context of ‘narcotic drugs’ in case of an abuse. The aim of this study was to investigate the types and frequency of psychoactive drug abuse cases which reflected to the judicial authorities in Turkey. Methods: The files that have been examined by the 5th Specialization Committee of the Turkish Council of Forensic Medicine between January 01st 2012 and January 01st 2019, within the scope of Article 188/6 of the Turkish Criminal Code numbered 5237, were reviewed in this study. The files were evaluated in respect to the distribution of the abused drugs, other narcotic substances detected with these drugs, drug forms and quantities. Results: A total of 1710 reports were examined in the study. The most frequently abused drug group was benzodiazepines, and the most frequently abused members were clonazepam, diazepam and alprazolam. Pregabalin, gabapentin, buprenorphine and quetiapine were the other drugs that took the first place in terms of abuse frequency. The most common narcotic substances detected with drugs were cannabis, synthetic cannabinoids and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Buprenorphine and pregabalin were the most seized drugs at the crime scenes and on the suspects. Gabapentin was the one encountered most in the biological samples. Discussion: In the light of the data obtained, it can be said that the abused drug profiles may change over time and these changes may be affected by foreign currents. In order to reduce drug abuse, strict follow-up of psychoactive drug prescriptions, attention of the clinicians to the indications, dosage and usage of the drugs that may be abused, a detailed medical investigation of the patients’ medical histories, briefing of the patients about the drugs with the potential for addiction, increasing the penalties on the persons who possess such drugs by prescription and then sell them on the streets, and detection and monitoring of the toxicity and death data related to psychoactive drugs are essential in fighting against drugs on a scientific basis. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 21(2):195-202)

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