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Yıl:2005; Cilt: 43; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2005;43(2):70-78
Koroner Arter Hastalarında Sessiz Beyin Enfarktı Sıklığı ve Risk Faktörleri
Y Tamam, N Taşdemir
Amaç: Bu çalışmada koroner anjiyografi sonucu koroner arter hastalığı teşhisi konmuş, 40 yaş ve üzerindeki hastalarda kraniyal manyetik rezonans görüntülemesi (MRG) ile sessiz beyin enfarktı (SBE) sıklığının değerlendirilmesi, sosyodemografik özellikler ve risk faktörleri ile SBE’nin ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu amaçla, çalışmaya 7 aylık bir dönem boyunca Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kardiyoloji Kliniği’ne miyokard enfarktüsü ve angina pektoris ön tanısı ile yatırılan ve yapılan koroner anjiyografi sonucunda koroner arter hastalığı tanısı alan, yaşları 43 ile 76 arasında değişen (ortalama 57.9±9.1 yıl) 71 hasta ( 48 erkek, 23 kadın) alındı. Hastaların önce ayrıntılı bir nörolojik ve sistemik muayeneleri yapılmış, sosyodemografik verileri ve vasküler ve vasküler olmayan risk faktörleri ile ilgili bilgileri içeren bir form doldurulmuştur. Tüm hastaların ayrıntılı kardiyak değerlendirmeleri, rutin laboratuar tetkikleri (kan sayımı, kan şekeri, lipit değerleri ve diğer parametreler), elektrokardiyografi (EKG), göğüs radyografisi, ekokardiyografileri yapıldı. Ayrıca tüm hastalara anjiyografiden bir hafta sonra kraniyal MRG ve karotis arter doppler ultrasonografi uygulanarak sonuçları kaydedildi. MRG sonuçları iki ayrı radyolog tarafından değerlendirilerek sessiz beyin infarktlarının olup olmadığı, varsa, sayısı ve lokalizasyonu belirlendi. Bulgular: 71 hastanın 28’inde (%39.6) sessiz beyin enfarktı belirlenmiştir. SBE belirlenen olguların tamamında T2 ağırlıklı MRG beyaz cevherde hiperintensite bulgusuna rastlanırken, %50’sinde ek olarak gri cevherde bazal ganglionlarda SBE bulunmuştur. SBE saptanan hastalarda ortalama yaş, tutulan koroner arter sayısı ve karotis arter stenoz prevalansı SBE’si olmayan hastalara oranla anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti. Hipertansiyon, diyabetes mellitus, lipid düzeyleri, sigara ve alkol kullanımı gibi diğer vasküler ve vasküler olmayan risk faktörleri açısından bu iki grup arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. Tartışma: Bu çalışma özellikle karotis arter stenozu varlığına, tutulan koroner arter sayısındaki ve yaştaki artışa paralel olarak SBE sıklığının arttığını ve koroner arter hastalığı olan hastalarda SBE’nin sık rastlanılan bir komplikasyon olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında SBE gelişiminde en önemli faktörlerin ileri yaş ve ateroskleroz olduğu ve SBE’nın özellikle ateroskleroza bağlı olarak küçük damarlarda oluşan değişimin bir sonucu oluşabileceği düşünüldü. Sonuç: SBE’nin strok gelişiminde bir öncül durum, bir risk faktörü olabileceği de düşünülerek, strok ya da daha ağır diğer vasküler patolojilerin önlenmesi amacıyla erken dönemde risk faktörlerinin giderilmesine yönelik gerekli önlemlerin alınması ve tedavilerin uygulanması uygun olacaktır.
The Prevalence of Silent Brain Infarctions Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of silent brain infarcts (SBI) by cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among patients elder than 40 [year]s of age with a definite diagnosis of coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary angiography. Another aim was to evaluate the relationships between several risk factors, sociodemographic
features and SBI. Method: Seventy-one patients (48 male, 23 female) aged ranging from 43 [year]s to 76 [year]s (mean 57.9±9.1) were included in this study. All cases had been hospitalized to Cardiology Inpatient Unit of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine with a preliminary diagnosis of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris and received a definite diagnosis of coronary heart
disease after coronary angiography. All patients underwent a detailed systemic and neurological examination and a detailed form including information about sociodemographic features and, vascular and non-vascular risk factors was completed for each patient. Detailed cardiac evaluation, routine laboratory examinations including complete blood count, blood glucose, lipid blood levels and other parameters, electrocardiography, chest radiography and echocardiography were also performed. All patients were scanned with cranial MRG and carotid doppler ultrasonography one week after coronary angiography and the results were noted. MRG results were evaluated by two different radiologists to find out the presence, localization and amount of SBIs. Findings: The results of this study showed that 28 of 71 patients (39.6%) had at least one SBI. All patients with SBI had white matter hyperintensities in T2 weighted MRI whereas 50% of them had additional gray matter hyperintensities in basal ganglia. Average age, involved
numbers of coronary arteries, the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis were significantly higher among patients with SBI than patients without SBI. No significant differences were found between these two groups in terms of other vascular and non-vascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, blood lipid levels, alcohol use and smoking. Discussion: This study has showed that SBI prevalence increase parallel to the increase in involved coronary arteries, and age and presence of carotid artery stenosis, and that SBI is a common complication encountered in patients with coronary arterial disease. The most important factors in development of SBI were determined to be advanced age and atherosclerosis, and SBI could be a manifestation of the result of the atherosclerotic impact on small vessels. Conclusion: As some studies reported SBI as a predisposing condition or a risk factor to stroke development, all necessary actions should be taken and appropriate treatment should be given to avoid the development of stroke or other severe vascular pathologies.

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