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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 5>> Özet
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Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi; 2020;3(5):78-96
Farklı Cinsel Yönelimi Olan Bireylerin Psikolojik İyi Oluş Düzeylerinin Azınlık Stresi ve Benlik Saygısı Açısından İncelenmesi
MF Ateş
Bütüncül Psikoterapi Enstitüsü, İstanbul
Bu çalışmada farklı cinsel yönelimleri olan bireylerin ilgili değişkenler açısından psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin karşılaştırılarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları cinsel yönelimi lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel ve heteroseksüel olan 100 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada katılımcıların psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerini ölçmek amacı ile Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği, azınlık stresini ölçmek amacıyla İçselleştirilmiş Homofobi Ölçeği ve benlik saygılarını ölçmek amacıyla Coopersmith Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Benlik saygısı, içselleştirilmiş homofobi ve psikolojik iyi oluş değişkenlerinin katılımcıların cinsiyet, cinsel yönelim, sosyal kabul görme, fiziksel görünümden duyulan memnuniyet, ekonomik gelir ve aile ilişkileri kategorileri açısından dağılımlarına ilişkin betimleyici bilgiler sunulmuştur. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklerin ortalamaları, güvenirlik analizleri ve ölçekler arasındaki korelasyon değerlerine ilişkin bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Sosyo-demografik değişkenlerin farklı gruplarda farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin incelenmesi için bağımsız örneklem t-testi analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda cinsiyet, anne babanın evlilik durumu gibi değişkenler açısından psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyi ve benlik saygısı düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Cinsel yönelimi farklı olan birey gruplarının psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin ve benlik saygılarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Cinsel yönelimleri nedeniyle sosyal kabul gördüğünü düşünen bireyler ile sosyal kabul görmediğini düşünen bireylerin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu bulunmuştur. Aynı şekilde çalışan bireyler ile çalışmayan bireyler arasında psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri arasında da anlamlı farklılık vardır. Sosyal kabul gördüğünü düşünen ve ekonomik özgürlüğü olan bireylerin diğer bireylere göre hem benlik saygısı düzeylerinin hem de psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Hayata katılım, üretkenlik ve verimliliği fazla olan bireylerin psikolojik iyi oluşlarının ve dolayısıyla benlik saygıları düzeyinin de yüksek olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırmada verilerin azlığı nedeniyle anne babanın vefatı durumunun psikolojik iyi oluş ve benlik saygısı düzeylerine etkisi incelenmemiştir.
Psychological Well-Being Levels of Individuals with Different Sexual Orientations in Terms of Minority Stress and Self Esteem
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the psychological well-being levels of individuals with different sexual orientations in terms of related variables. The participants of the study consisted of 100 people whose sexual orientation was lesbian, gay, bisexual and heterosexual. Psychological Well-being Scale was used to measure the psychological well-being of the participants, Internalized Homophobia Scale was used to measure minority stress, and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem. Descriptive information about the distribution of variables of self-esteem, internalized homophobia and psychological well-being in terms of gender, sexual orientation, social acceptance, satisfaction with physical appearance, economic income and family relations were presented. Information about the means used in the study, reliability analyzes and correlation values between scales were included. Independent samples t-test was used to examine whether sociodemographic variables differ in different groups. As a result of the study, no significant difference was found between the levels of psychological well-being and self-esteem in terms of variables such as gender and marital status of the parents. Psychological well-being and self-esteem of the groups with different sexual orientation were not statistically significant. Significant differences were found between the levels of psychological wellbeing of individuals who thought that they accepted social acceptance because of their sexual orientation and those who thought that they did not accept social acceptance. Similarly, there is a significant difference between psychological well-being between working and non-working individuals. It was found that both self-esteem and psychological well-being levels of individuals who think that they are socially accepted and have economic freedom are higher than other individuals. Psychological well-being and self-esteem levels of individuals with high participation, productivity and productivity are thought to be high. In the study, the effect of parental death on psychological well-being and self-esteem levels was not examined due to lack of data.

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