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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 5>> Özet
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Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi; 2020;3(5):17-34
Güdülenme Kuramı ve Duygu Odaklı Terapinin Entegrasyonu
F Pulat, H Gündüz, E Kılıç
Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Ankara
Bu çalışmanın amacı; psikoterapi dünyasına büyük katkıları olan iki büyük kuramcı Joseph D. Lichtenberg ve Leslie S. Greenberg’ in yaklaşımları arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklardan yola çıkarak tüm klinisyenler için yeni bir entegrasyon önerisi sunmaktır. Terapi dünyasında HeinzKohut’ un kendilik psikolojisine bağlı olarak büyüyen, bu kuramın temellerini de bebek-anne ilişkisi perspektifinde nörobiyolojik bir bağlanmanın zeminine oturtan Joseph D. Lichtenberg, iki kişilik terapiler için insanoğlunda yedi tane güdülenme sisteminin olduğunu söylemektedir: Fizyolojik gereksinimlerin psişik düzenlenmesi, bireylerde bağlanma yakınlığı, gruplarla ilişkilenme yakınlığı, keşfetme ve tercihleri ortaya koyma, bakım verme, zıtlaşma ve geri çekilme yoluyla kaçınma, duyusal haz ve cinsel heyecan. Duygu Odaklı terapinin kurucusu Leslie S. Greenberg’ e göre ise insanın tek güdülenme sistemi hayatta kalma güdülenmesidir. Bunun için de en önemli şey bağlanmadan önce duygudur. Leslie S. Greenberg’ e göre yedi temel duygu vardır. Bunlar: Korku, üzüntü, öfke, tiksinti, utanç, coşku ve şaşkınlıktır. Lichtenberg ile Greenberg’ in çalışmalarına bütüncül perspektiften bakıldığında; iki kuramcının birbirleriyle kesişen ve birbirini etkileyen bir sistemden bahsettiği görülmektedir. Lichtenberg’ in ortaya koyduğu bağlanma güdülenmesinin aktif hale gelebilmesinde Greenberg’ in bahsettiği üzüntü duygusunun, zııtlaşma ve geri çekilme yoluyla kaçınma güdülenme sisteminin harekete geçmesinde tiksinti ve öfke duygularının, gruplarla ilişki yakınlığı güdülenme sisteminin aktif hale gelebilmesi için utanç duygusunun, duyusal ve cinsel haz sistemi için de coşku duygusunun rehberliğine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada iki kuramın entegrasyonu sonucunda oluşan sistemin klinik görünümü hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Integration of Motivational Systems and Emotional Focused Therapy
The aim of this study is to offer a new integration proposal for all clinicians based on the similarities and differences between the approaches of two major theorists Joseph D. Lichtenberg and Leslie S. Greenberg, who have made great contributions to the world of psychotherapy. Joseph D. Lichtenberg, who grew up in the world of therapy due to H. Kohut's self-psychology and laid the foundations of this theory on the basis of a neurobiological attachment in the perspective of baby-mother relationship, says that there are seven motivation systems in human beings for two-person therapies: Psychic regulation of physiological needs, Psychological regulation of individuals proximity, relationship with groups, exploration and preferences, care, avoidance by contrast and withdrawal, sensory pleasure and sexual excitement. According to Leslie S. Greenberg, the founder of Emotion-focused Therapy, is the human's only motivation system is survival motivation. For this, emotion is the most important thing more than attachment. According to Leslie S. Greenberg, there are seven basic emotions. These are: fear, sadness, anger, disgust, shame, enthusiasm and suprise. When Lichtenberg and Greenberg's works are viewed from a holistic perspective, it is seen that the two artists performed a duet on the same song. Guidance of the sadness, described by Greenberg, is needed to activate the attachment motivation that was mentioned by Lichtenberg, as the disgust and anger are needed to activate the avoidance motivation system through contrast and withdrawal, emotion of shame is needed to activate the motivation of relation with others, enthusiasm is needed for sensory and sexual pleasure systems. In this study, it is aimed to give information about the clinical appearance of the system resulting from the integration of the two theories.

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