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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 56; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2019;56(4):235-242
Geniş Sosyal Çevrenin Şizofrenide Relapslar Üzerine Etkisi: Kayıtlara Dayalı Altı Yıllık İzlem
B Ünal , Ö Akgül , T Binbay , K Alptekin , BBK Akdede
İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi , İzmir
Amaç: Sosyal çevrenin şizofreni sıklığı ve yaygınlığı üzerine etkisi iyi bilinmektedir. Ancak, şizofreni ve diğer psikotik bozukluklarda sosyal çevrenin hastalık seyri ve yinelemeler üzerine etkisi ile ilgili az sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada şizofreni ve benzeri psikotik bozukluklarda mahalle sosyal sermaye düzeyi ile adres değişikliğinin yinelemeler üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma örneklemi Psikotik Bozukluklar Birimi Polikliniği’nde en fazla altı aylık düzenli aralıklara izlenen 147 kişiden (şizofreni %76,1; s=112) oluşmuştur. Hastalar 1 Ocak 2009 ile 31 Aralık 2013 tarihleri arasında yineleme göstergeleri için izlenmiştir. İzlem sırasında yineleme ölçütleri olarak yatış, yardım ihtiyacında artış, kendine zarar verme, özkıyım düşünceleri, şiddet davranışı, intihar girişimi, antipsikotik doz artışı ve elektrokonvulsiv terapi uygulanması kullanılmıştır. Bu ölçütlerinden en az biri o dönem için yineleme yaşandığı yönünde kabul edilmiştir. Mahalle sosyal sermaye düzeyleri, İzmir kent merkezinde 2008 yılında yapılan bir genel toplum araştırmasından ve izlem süresi boyunca mahalledeki oy kullanma oranlarına bağlı olarak elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca izlem süresince kişilerin yer adres değişiklikleri kayıt altına alınmıştır. Bulgular: Mahalle sosyal çevre bileşenleri ile yinelemeler arasında ilişki saptanmazken, yinelemeler ile adres değişikliği arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Adres değişikliği olanlarda olmayanlara göre yineleme olasılığının 1,3 kat daha fazla olduğu (%95 GA: 1,0–1,6; p<0,05), aynı mahallede ikamet süresi uzadıkça yineleme olasılığının azaldığı (β: (-0,05); %95 GA: [(-0,10)-(-0,003)]; p<0,05) saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Şizofrenide yineleme kişinin içinde yaşadığı geniş sosyal çevre özelliklerinden (mahalle düzeyindeki sosyal sermaye) çok dar sosyal çevre (aile, ev adresi) ile ilişkili görünmektedir. Dar da olsa adres değişikliği ile ortaya çıkan yeni bir sosyal çevreye uyum ihtiyacı bir psikosyal stresör olarak şizofreni belirtilerinde artışa yol açabilir
Association of Wider Social Environment with Relapse in Schizophrenia: Registry Based Six-Year Follow-Up Study
Introducton: The impact of social environment on the frequency and prevalence of schizophrenia is well known. However, in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, there are few studies which investigate the effect of social environment on disease prognosis and relapse. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neighborhood social capital level and address change on relapse in schizophrenia and similar psychotic disorders. Methods: The research sample consisted of 147 patients (schizophrenia, 76.1%; n=112), who were being followed up at regular intervals of at most six months at the Psychotic Disorders Unit outpatient clinic. Patients were followed-up for relapse indicators between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013. During the follow-up, relapse criteria including hospitalization, increased need for help, self-harm, suicidal thoughts, violent behavior, suicide attempts, antipsychotic dose increase and electroconvulsive therapy were used. At least one of these criteria was accepted as a relapse for that period. Neighborhood social capital levels were obtained from a general public survey conducted in Izmir city center in 2008 and the voting rates in the neighborhood during the follow-up period. In addition, during the follow-up period, any change in the address of the patient was recorded. Results: While there was no correlation between the neighborhood social environment and relapse, a significant relationship was found between relapse and address changes. The probability of relapse was 1.3 times higher in patients with change of address (95% CI: 1.0–1.6; p<0.05), and decreased likelihood of relapse was found as the duration of residence in the same neighborhood shortened (ß: (-0.05) 95% CI: [(-0.10)-(-0.003)]; p<0.05). Conclusion: In schizophrenia, relapse appears to be related with the narrow social environment (family, home address) in which the person lives, not with the wider social environment (social capital of the neighborhood). The need for adaptation to a new social environment that arises with a change of address, albeit narrowly, can lead to an increase in symptoms of schizophrenia as a psychosocial stressor

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