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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions; 2019;6(3):871-906
Kumar Problemleri Yaşayan Bireylerin Kumar Oynamayla İlgili Deneyimlerinin Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analizi
Y Erdoğdu
Kumar problemleri, madde kullanım bozukluklarına kıyasla daha az konu alınıp araştırılan, ancak toplumdaki pek çok kişinin yaşantısında ciddi sıkıntılara yol açan psikolojik bir sorundur. Kumar problemleri yaşayan bireylerin kumar oynamayı sürdürmelerinde çeşitli psikolojik ve çevresel tetikleyicilerin aracılık ettiği düşünülmektedir. Kontrol kaybı, depresyon, ilişkilerde ve iş/ okul yaşamında bozulmalar kumar problemleri ile ilişkili olduğu bilinen sorunlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kumar problemleri yaşayan bireylerin deneyimlerini, kumar oynamayla ilk etkileşimden başlayıp bağımlılık süreci ve sonrasına uzanan bir çerçevede araştırmaktır. Nitel araştırma olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmada, kumar bağımlılığı tanısı almış üç birey ile gerçekleştirilmiş yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerin verileri derinlemesine analiz edilmiştir. Bu görüşmelerin deşifresiyle hazırlanan transkripsiyonları Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz (YFA) uygulanmak üzere veri olarak atanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularında sekiz superordinate tema (erken yaşta başlangıç, kumar oynamanın sürdürülmesine yol açan içsel tetikleyiciler, kumar oynamanın sürdürülmesine yol açan dışsal tetikleyiciler, kontrol kaybı, psikolojik çöküş, sosyal yaşamsal sorunlar, saklanma, kontrolü tekrar ele alma) ve bunlara eşlik eden alt temalar (subthemes) ortaya çıkmıştır. Katılımcıların ilk kumar deneyimlerinin kumar bağımlılığına doğru nasıl geliştiğini ve nelerin değiştiğini anlamlandıran ortak psikolojik süreçler (ör. kontrol kaybı, kaybettiğini kovalama vb.) tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte her bir katılımcının kumar problemleriyle mücadele etmede farklı aşamalarda olduğu gözlenmiştir. Nihayet katılımcıların kumar oynama deneyimleriyle ilgili öznel paylaşımlarının, kumar problemlerinin çok boyutlu yapılanmasına ve bu yapılanmanın farklı açılardan ele alınmasının zorunluluğuna işaret ettiği söylenebilir.
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Gambling Experiences of Problematic Gamblers*
Gambling disorders are psychological problems that are typically less investigated than substance use disorders; however, gambling-related issues are a concern for many individuals in society. Previous studies have revealed various psychological and external triggers to affect gambling. Lack of control, depression, relationship troubles, and decreased performance in work or school all have been reported to be associated with gambling problems. The current study aims to examine subjective evaluations of those engaging in gambling, from their first participation to the addiction phase and beyond. This study has been designed as a qualitative research. Three individuals diagnosed with gambling disorders have been interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, and the data have been analyzed using the method interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The study’s findings reveal eight superordinate themes (i.e., early onset, internal triggers of gambling, external triggers of gambling, loss of control, psychological impairment, social-life issues, hiding, and reclaiming control) and their subthemes. Some particular common processes (e.g., loss of control, chasing the loss) have been found to be associated with gambling-related problems. In addition, each participant has made different progress in terms of coping with their gambling disorders. The participants’ subjective gambling experiences have revealed the multidimensional and dynamic aspects of gambling problems.

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