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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions; 2019;6(3):567-610
Olumsuz Duygudurum Değişimlemesinin Sigara Kullanan ve Kullanmayan Genç Yetişkin Erkeklerde Görülen Dikkat Yanlılığı Üzerindeki Etkileri
E Kalınkılıç, Z Baran
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bu çalışmanın amacı, sigara kullanan kişilerde deneysel olarak oluşturulmuş olumsuz duygudurumun, sigara kullanma isteği ve sigara kullanımıyla ilişkili görsel uyarıcılara yönelik dikkat yanlılığı üzerindeki etkilerini Görsel Nokta Yeri Belirleme Görevi (GNYBG) kullanarak incelemektir. 18-30 yaş aralığındaki 80 erkek katılımcı deneysel olarak oluşturulan olumsuz duygudurum veya nötr/kontrol koşullarına seçkisiz olarak atanmışlardır. GNYBG öncesinde, bütün katılımcılardan Duygu Durum Sıfat Çiftleri Listesi (DDSÇL) ölçümleri alınırken görevin sonrasında bütün katılımcılardan yine DDSÇL ölçümleri alınmış, ancak sigara kullanan katılımcılara ilaveten Sigara İçme İstekliliği Ölçeği (SİİÖ) ve Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılığı Testi (FNBT) de uygulanmıştır. Sinyal belirleme kuramı uyarınca oluşturulan d’ puanları ile doğru tepkilere ilişkin süre ölçümlerine yönelik analizler sonucunda, sigara kullanan katılımcıların sigara ilişkili resimlere daha doğru ve hızlı tepkide bulunduğu ve dolayısıyla sigarayla ilişkili uyarıcılara dikkat yanlılığı gösterdiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. DDSÇL bulguları, olumsuz duygudurum değişimlemesinin etkili olduğunu, SİİÖ bulguları ise değişimleme sonrasında sigara kullanma isteğinin arttığını ortaya koymuştur. Buna göre sigara kullanan kişilerin bilişsel süreçlerinde kullanmayanlara göre bir farklılaşma, yanlılık, meydana geldiği söylenebilir. Bu kişiler sigara ilişkili uyarıcıya hem daha doğru hem de daha hızlı tepkide bulunmaktadır. Öte yandan sigara kullanma istekliliğini olumsuz duygudurumdan ziyade sigara ilişkili uyarıcılara maruz kalmanın etkilediği görülmüştür.
The Effects of Negative Mood Manipulation on the Attentional Bias of Smoking and Nonsmoking Young Adult Males
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of an experimentally induced negative mood on cigarette smokers’ cravings and attentional bias toward smoking-related visual stimuli using the Visual Dot Probe Task (VDPT). Forty smoker and 40 nonsmoker male participants (18-30 years old) were randomly assigned into negative mood and neutral/control conditions. Before the mood induction manipulation (MIM), participants’ emotional state was measured with the Mood-State Adjective Pairs List (MSAPL) as pre-test scores. The MIM was then applied by presenting instrumental music and International Affective Picture System (IAPS) photos with negative valences at the same time for 3 min 22 sec. The control group, however, received only neutral IAPS photos without any music for the same duration in negative MIM. Afterwards, all groups were subjected to VDPT, then the MSAPL was reapplied for obtaining the post-test scores. Next, to determine the change in smokers’ willingness to smoke, the Smoking Craving Scale (SCS) was applied, and for their dependence levels, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Lastly, positive mood induction was applied only to participants exposed to the negative MIM for ethical concerns. Measurements, d' prime scores based on signal detection theory, and reaction times related to the correct responses for VDPT were analyzed using the 2(Group: Smoker, Nonsmoker) x 2(Mood State: Negative, Neutral) x 2(Relationship: Smoking-related, Smoking-unrelated) mixed ANOVA. The SCS indicates an increase in the desire for smoking to exist after exposure to the smoking-related stimuli. Comparison of the pre- and post-MSAPL scores reveals the negative MIM to be successful. According to the VDPT analyses, smokers reacted more accurately and quickly to smoking-related pictures than nonsmoking-related ones. Thus, smokers are more likely to process smoking-related stimuli faster and to show an attentional bias toward them. No such finding exists for nonsmokers. Smoking-related stimuli create an attentional bias for smokers, reflecting a change in their cognitive processes. Though negative mood boosts that bias, being exposed to smoking-related stimuli is more effective on smoking desire and, thus, on craving than negative mood.

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