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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 56; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2019;56(3):195-199
Postspinal Baş Ağrısı Tanı ve Takibinde Optik Sinir Kılıf Çapının Önemi
A Beşir, OF Tertemiz, A Akdoğan, EN Duman
Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon
Amaç: İntrakraniyal hipotansiyona bağlı baş ağrısı beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) volümü ya da basıncının azalmasına bağlı olan bir durumdur. Baş ağrısı lomber ponksiyon ya da spinal anesteziye sekonder olarak gelişebilir. İntrakraniyal hipotansiyonun tespitinde, invaziv yöntemlerle karşılaştırıldığında, Ultrasonografi (USG) eşliğinde Optik Sinir Kılıf Çapı (ONSD) ile invaziv yöntemler arasında iyi bir korelasyon mevcuttur. Çalışmamızda, lomber ponsiyon sonrası intrakraniyal hipotansiyona bağlı gelişen baş ağrısının ve non-invaziv bir yöntem olan ultrasonografik ONSD değişiminin tanı ve tedavi sürecindeki etkinliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmamız, spinal anestezi altında cerrahi planlanan, 18–65 yaş arası toplam 40 erişkin hastada gerçekleştirildi. Postoperatif dönem takiplerinde baş ağrısı tespit edilen (Grup H, n=20) ve edilmeyen (Grup C, n=20) hastalar randomize olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların preoperatif ve postoperatif 24., 26. ve 48. saatlerde ultrasonografik olarak ONSD’leri ölçüldü ve ağrı şiddetleri NRS skalası ile değerlendirilerek kaydedildi. Baş ağrısı tespit edilen grubun 24. saatte konservatif tedavisine başlandı. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında demografik veriler arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Baş ağrısı gelişen grupta T0 dönemine göre T24 döneminde ONSD’deki 3,2±0,3 mm’den 3,8±2,1 mm’ye (p=0,001) ve T48 döneminde 4,4±0,3 mm’ye artış (p=0,03) anlamlıydı. Ayrıca, T24 dönemiyle karşılaştırıldığında T26 (3,9±0,3 mm) ve T48 (4,4±0,3 mm) dönemlerindeki ONSD’ler anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (sırasıyla, p=0,007 ve p=0,01). Spinal girişim sonrası T24 döneminde ağrı tespit edilen Group H’de ki NRS ölçümler, T26 ve T48 dönemleriyle karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak düşüktü (p=0,001). Sonuç: İntrakraniyal basınç değişikliklerinin tespitinde basit ve noninvaziv bir yöntem olarak kabul edilen ultrasonografik ONSD’nin seri ölçümlerinin, intrakraniyal hipotansiyona bağlı baş ağrısının takibinde NRS’ye göre daha objektif bir yöntem olduğu kanısındayız
The Importance of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Post-dural PunctureHeadache Diagnosis and Follow-up
Introduction: Intracranial hypotension-induced headache is caused by reduction in the volume or pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid. Headache might develop secondary to lumbar puncture. In the detection of intracranial hypotension, when compared with invasive methods, there is a good correlation between ultrasound-guided optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and invasive methods. The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of alteration in ultrasound-guided ONSD in diagnosis and treatment of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) induced by intracranial hypotension. Methods: Our study involved 40 adult patients aged 18–65 scheduled to have surgery under spinal anesthesia. Patients were randomized into two groups consisting of PDPH (Group H, n=20), and control (Group C, n=20) during their post-operative period. The ONSDs of patients were measured via ultrasound, pain severity with Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pre-operatively, at 24th, 26th and 48th hours post-operatively. Conservative treatment was started on the 24th hour in PDPH group. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic data. In Group H, the reduction in ONSD from 3.8±0.2 to 3.2±0.3 mm in postoperative 24th hours (p=0.001) and an increase to 4.4±0.3 mm in postoperative 48th hours (p=0.03) were significant. When compared to postoperative 24th hours, ONSD in postoperative 26th (3.9±0.3 mm) and 48th hours (4.4±0.3 mm) were significantly higher (p=0.007 and p=0.01; respectively) in Group H. NRS values in Group H at postoperative 26th and 48th hours were significantly lower compared to postoperative 24th hours (p=0.001). Conclusion: We believe that serial measurement of ultrasound-guided ONSD, which is considered a simple and non-invasive procedure in the determination of intracranial pressure changes, is a more objective method in the follow-up of intracranial hypotension-induced headache compared to NRS evaluation.

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