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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences; 2019;6(1):54-61
Aksonal transportu etkileyen sinyal yolakları üzerinden Alzheimer patolojisine katılması muhtemel olan mikroRNA’lar
T Uzunoğlu, BA Arslan
Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Alzheimer hastalığı, nöronların ilerleyici fonksiyonel bozuklukları ve ölümleriyle karakterize edilen, ekstrasellüler (nöronlar arası) ortamda biriken amiloid β (Aβ)’ların oluşturduğu senil plaklar ile intrasellüler alanda (nöron içi) hiperfosforilasyona uğramış tau proteinlerinin birikmesiyle oluştuğu bilinen, sinsi başlangıçlı ve ilerleyici bir nörodejeneratif hastalıktır. Son dönemde yapılan çalışmalar nöronal fonksiyonların bozulması ve nöronlar arasındaki iletişimin zayıflaması sonucunda ortaya çıkan nörodejenerasyonun temel nedeninin fonksiyonu bozulmuş aksonal transport olabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Aksonal transport nöronların birbirleriyle iletişimlerini sürdürebilmesi, nöronal fonksiyonlarını yerine getirebilmesi ve hayatta kalabilmeleri için gerekli olan; protein, organel, nörotrofik faktör ve nörotransmitter veziküllerinin taşınmasını sağlayan dinamik bir sistemdir. Bu sistem, içine birçok proteinin dahil olduğu büyük bir sinyal yolağı tarafından korunmakta ve devamlılığı sağlanmaktadır. Fakat vücutta birçok moleküler mekanizmanın post-transkripsiyonel düzenlenmesine katılarak immun sisteme dayanan hastalıklar, kanser ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar gibi daha birçok hastalıkta rol oynayan miRNA’lar bu sinyal yolağındaki proteinlerin de ekspresyonlarını değiştirerek tau hiperfosforilasyonuna, aksonal transportun bozulmasına ve dolayısıyla Alzheimer hastalığına neden oluyor olabilmektedirler. Bu derleme çalışmasında miR-133, miR-224, miR-155, miR-34a, miR-125b, miR-9, miR-124, miR29-a/b/c, miR-10b ve miR-132 olmak üzere incelenen 12 miRNA’nın aksonal transportta rol oynayan sinyal yolaklarına katılıp tau hiperfosforilasyonuna ve aksonal transport bozulmasına sebep olarak Alzheimer patolojisine katılma ve biyomarker olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelleri incelenmiştir.
Possible mİcroRNAs participating in Alzheimer’s pathology via signalling pathways affecting axonal transport
Alzheimer’s disease is a sneaky-onset and progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of senile plaques formed by amyloid ß (Aß) accumulated in the extracellular environment and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau proteins characterized by progressive functional disorders and deaths of neurons. Recent studies suggest that the underlying cause of neurodegeneration may be disorders in axonal transport mechanisms. Axonal transport is a dynamic system required for neurons to communicate with each other, to fulfill neuronal functions and to survive. It performs these functions by transporting proteins, organelles, neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitter vesicles throughout the neuron. This system is protected and maintained by a large signal path that contains many proteins. However, by participating in the post-transcriptional regulation of many molecular mechanisms in the body, miRNAs that play a role in many other diseases, such as diseases based on the immune system, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, can alter the expression of proteins in this signal pathway, leading to tau hyperphosphorylation, impaired axonal transport and hence Alzheimer’s disease. In this review study, 12 strains of microRNAs such as miR-133, miR224, miR-155, miR-34a, miR-125b, miR-9, miR-124, miR29-a/b/c, miR-10b and miR-132 have been investigated for their ability to participate in signaling pathways that play a role in axonal transport and their ability to participate Alzheimer pathology by causing tau hyperphosphorylation.

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