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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 39; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 2019;39(1):151-178
Büyük Veri ve Derlem Anlambilim Açısından Aşk Kavramı: Anlam, Gönderim ve Metafor
E Arık, BT Arık
Purdue Üniversitesi, ABD
Farklı disiplinlerde aşk üzerine çalışmalar yapılmakla birlikte aşk soyut bir kavram olduğu için tanımlanması oldukça güçtür. Disiplinlerarası aşk çalışmalarına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlayan bu çalışma, aşkın Türkçe’de ne anlama geldiğini ve dilde kullanımını bilgisayarlı dilbilim ve derlem yöntemleriyle analiz ederek aşk kavramının ilkörneğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma kuramsal olarak İlkörnek Kuramı ile Derlem Anlambilim kuramlarını kullanıp Derlem ve Büyük Veri analiz yöntemlerinden yararlanmaktadır. İlkörnek kuramına göre ilkörnek bir sınıfın belli başlı özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Şeyler beyinde kategorize edilirken ilkörneklere benzerliklerine göre sınıflandırılırlar. Kategoriler arasında geçişler çok kesin değildir. Bazı şeyler ilkörneğe daha çok benzeyip kavramı daha çok temsil ederken, bazıları daha az benzeyip kavramı daha az temsil etmektedirler. Derlem anlambilim kuramına göre ise, bir sözcüğün anlamı, sözcüğün çekimli hallerini de kapsayan sözcüğün özüne, bu sözcükle beraber kullanılan diğer sözcüklere, sözcüğün içinde bulunduğu dilbilgisel yapılara, konuşucuların bilgi, tavır ve tutumları ile dış dünya bilgisine ve metin / konuşma türüne dayanmaktadır. Çalışmanın verisi Türkçe Ulusal Derlemi’nden aşk sözcüğünün geçtiği 2,500 satır, 10,671 farklı sözcük ve toplam 27,855 sözcükten ve Twitter’dan 85,980 kısa mesaj (tweet) 130,016 farklı sözcük ve toplam 1,280,736 sözcükten oluşmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre aşk, NITELIK, NICELIK, ZAMAN, YER, GERÇEKLIK, ZIHIN, BEDEN, DIL, INANÇ, ŞEY, KIŞI, BITKI ve TAŞIT ilkörnekleriyle bağlantılı bir kavram olup bu ilkörneklerle ilgili kavramlarla birlikte sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Aşk hem pozitif hem negatif duygu ifadeleriyle birlikte kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, aşk yakın ilişki ve bağlanma ile ilgili sözcüklerle ifade edildiği gibi gerçek olmayan bir bağlanmayı, nesne veya gruba bağlanmayı ve bağlanmasız ilişkileri de içermektedir. Dolayısıyla, aşkın anlamı bağlama göre değişken olup dilin resmi ve gündelik kullanımlarına göre de çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Bu nedenlerle, hem gözlem / görüşme yapılan çalışmalarda hem de deneysel çalışmalarda bu kavramların kullanımına dikkat etmek, geliştirilen ölçüm araçlarındaki tanımlar ve katılımcıların kullandığı kavramlar arasındaki farklılıkların araştırma sonuçlarını etkileyebileceği göz ardı edilmemelidir.
The Concept of Love From the Perspectives of Big Data and Corpus Semantics: Meaning, Reference, and Metaphor
While love has been investigated by scholars in various disciplines, defining this abstract and evasive concept is a daunting task. In order to contribute to the multidisciplinary studies on love, this study investigates the meaning of love and its uses in everyday life in Turkish to provide its prototypes, using computational linguistics and corpus-based methods. The study follows the Prototype Theory and Corpus Semantics and applies corpus and Big Data methods. The data consisted of formal and colloquial dictionaries published by the Turkish Language Association; 2,500 lines, 10,671 types, and 27,855 tokens from the Turkish National Corpus; and, 85,980 short messages (tweets), 130,016 types, and 1,280,736 tokens from Twitter. The results showed that the love concepts were related to prototypes such as QUALITY, QUANTITY, TIME, PLACE, REALITY, MIND, BODY, LANGUAGE, BELIEF, THING, PERSON, PLANT, and VEHICLE. The results also showed that love in Turkish was not only related to positive emotions such as compassion and fun but also negative emotions such as pain and hate. Therefore, love was associated with both positive and negative emotion concepts. There were differences between the definitions of love, including idiomatic expressions in the formal dictionaries and the language used in daily life, because love was used not only in relation to intimate relationships or attachment but also in the context of pain, hate, illness, etc. Love was related to close relationships including both real and imaginary attachment. The meaning of love also differed depending on the context and with regard to (in)formal use of the language.

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