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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 14>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2019;7(14):68-82
İç Grubu Kayırma ile İç ve Dış Gruba Eşit Davranmanın Nedensel Atıfları
S Çoksan
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara
İnsanlar benlik saygılarını yükseltmek veya gruplar arası ilişkilerdendeki avantajlı konumlarını korumak için iç grup üyelerini dış grup üyelerinden daha olumlu değerlendirebilirler. İç grup yanlılığı olarak ifade edilebilecek bu davranış süresince hem iç - dış grup üyelerine yönelik kişisel tutumlar hem de gruplar arası ilişkilerin tarihsel geçmişi ve bu tarihsel sürecin yarattığı ya da değiştirdiği kültürel kodlar aktif olarak kullanılır. Böylelikle iç ve dış grubun değerlendirilmesinde farklı nedensel atıflar ortaya çıkar. Oysa alanyazında iç grup yanlılığı çoğunlukla bir bağımlı değişken olarak ele alınıp, genellikle iç grup yanlılığı üzerinde etkisi bulunan değişkenler ile bu değişkenlerin iç grup yanlılığı üzerindeki etkisinde rolü olan düzenleyici ve aracı değişkenler incelenmiştir. Bu araştırma ise iç grup yanlılığı sergileme ile iç ve dış gruba eşit pay verme davranışlarının nedensel atıflarını betimlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada kendisini Türkiye’nin en kalabalık iki etnik grubundan -Türkler ve Kürtler- birisine ait olarak kimliklendiren katılımcılardan, her iki grubun da sorumlusu olduğu belirtilen toplumsal bir kargaşa durumunda bir miktar parayı Kürtler ve Türkler arasında bölüştürmeleri istenmiştir. Ardından katılımcılardan kaynak paylaştırma kararlarının ardında yatan nedenleri açık uçlu olarak yazmaları istenmiştir. Verilen cevapların içerikleri tematik analiz bağlamında incelenerek iç ve dış gruplarına eşit pay veren katılımcıların bu davranışlarını beş -ayrımcılığa karşı eşitlik ve adalet, insan olmak, eşit ihtiyaç, çatışmadan kaçınmak ve grupları yeniden kategorilemek-, iç grup yanlılığı yapan katılımcılar için ise dört -benzerlik, iç grubu olumlama, dış grubu olumsuzlama ve ihtiyaç- nedene atfettikleri görülmüştür. Tematik kodlama için yargıcılar arası tutarlılık Cohen’s κ .65 ile .92 arasında değişmektedir. Temaların Türk ve Kürt katılımcıla için kullanım oranları ve bu oranlar arasındaki farklılıklar Sosyal Kimlik Kuramı kapsamında tartışılmıştır.
Causal Attributions of In-Group Favoritism and Equal Allocation Between In and Out-Group
People may favor and evaluate their in-group members more positively due to raise their self-esteem and protect their advantageous social positions. Both personal attitudes toward in and out-group members and historical background about intergroup relations are actively used during this behavior which is called in-group favoritism; thus, different attributions appear when evaluating in and out-group members. But in-group favoritism is generally discussed as a dependent variable and it is examined that what are the mediator and moderator variables of the effect of various independent variables on the in-group bias. The current study, however, aims to describe those causal attributions of in-group favoritism or allocating equal resource to in and out-group. Therefore, it is asked participants who are Turkish or Kurdish to allocate a sum of resource between Turkish and Kurdish in the context of the social turmoil on which both sides are responsible. Then, participants were asked to write the reasons behind the resource allocation decisions as open-ended. The contents of the answers were examined in the context of thematic analysis. Participants who give an equal share to their in and out-group attribute to five reasons: (1) Equality and justice against discrimination, (2) Being human, (3) Equal need, (4), Avoiding the conflict, and (5) Recategorization of groups. Meanwhile in participants who give greater amount of resource to their in-group (i.e., in-group favoristic group members) attribute to four reasons: (1) Similarity, (2) Affirming in-group, (3) Negation outgroup, and (4) needs. Interrater consistency (Cohen's ?) for tematic codes are between .65 and .92. The rates of use of these themes by Turkish and Kurdish participants and the differences between them are discussed within the scope of Social Identity Theory.

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