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Yıl:2019; Cilt: 30; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2019;30(1):1-8
Şizofreni ve Şizoaffektif Bozuklukta Klinik İçgörü İşleyenBellek Bileşenleri ile İlişkili midir?
S Tümkaya, EH Yenigün, OZ Topak, İ Şendur, NÖ Atkaya, O Özdel
Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli
Amaç: Önceden yapılmış olan çalışmalar genellikle şizofreni hastalarındaki klinik içgörü düzeyi ile işleyen bellek işlevlerinin ilişkili olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Buna rağmen bu çalışmalar kabaca işleyen bellek işlevleri üzerine odaklanmış ve bu işlevin bileşenlerini konu almamışlardır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada temel olarak şizofreni ve şizoaffektif bozukluk hastalarının klinik içgörülerinin işleyen bellek bileşenleri ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Hasta grubuna Negatif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Pozitif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği’nin yanında klinik içgörüyü ölçmek için Akıl Hastalığına İçgörüsüzlük Ölçeği verilmiştir. Ayrıca tüm katılımcılara işleyen bellek işlevlerinin ölçülmesi için bir “Durumsal Farkındalık Testi” uygulanmıştır. Yazındaki kanıtlara dayanılarak bu testin birinci aşamasının işleyen belleğin “görsel uzaysal yazı tahtası” bileşenini, ikinci aşamasının ise “epizodik tampon” (bağlanmış bilgileri depolama) bileşenini ölçtüğü kabul edilmiştir. Bu bileşenlerin işlevleri üstten-alta ve alttan-üste bilişsel süreçler olarak ayrı ayrı ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Alttan-üste bilişsel süreç ile gerçekleştirilen epizodik tampon işlevi klinik içgörü ile ilişki gösteriyordu. Bu ilişki pozitif belirtilerin içgörü üzerindeki etkisi kontrol edildikten sonra da devam ediyordu. Hastalar hem üstten-alta hem de alttan-üste bilişsel süreçler ile görsel uzaysal yazı tahtası işlevi açısından kontrollerden kötüydüler. Ayrıca hastalar üstten-alta bilişsel süreç ile gerçekleştirilen epizodik tampon işlevi açısından da kontrollerden kötüydüler. Sonuç: Şizofreni ve şizoaffektif bozukluk hastalarında klinik içgörü epizodik tampon alttan-üste süreç aracılığı ile yapılan bağlama işlevi ile ilişkili olabilir. Bu yeni bulguyu teyid etmek için yapılacak yeni çalışmalar gereklidir.
Is Clinical Insight Associated with Working Memory Components in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder?
Objective: Previous studies suggest that the level of clinical insight in schizophrenia patients is related to working memory functions. However, these studies were not specifically concerned with the components of working memory and had not focused in detail on working memory functions. For this reason, the current study investigated the relationship between clinical insight and working memory components in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Method: The patient group was evaluated by using the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, and the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder to measure clinical insight. Moreover, all participants underwent a “Situation Awareness” test in order to measure working memory functions. Based on published data, the first stage of this test was accepted to measure the “visual spatial sketchpad” component of working memory, and the second stage was accepted to measure the “episodic buffer” (bound information storage) component. The functions of these components were measured separately as top-down and bottom-up cognitive processes. Results: The episodic buffer function (managed by the bottom-up cognitive process) was related with clinical insight. This relationship also continued after correcting for the effect of positive symptoms on insight. The patients performed worse than the controls in terms of visual spatial sketchpad function, which was managed by both topdown and bottom-up cognitive processes. The patients performed worse than the controls in terms of both top-down and bottom-up cognitive processes and visual spatial sketchpad function. Furthermore, the patients were also worse than the controls in terms of episodic buffer function (managed by top-down cognitive processes). Conclusion: Clinical insight may be associated with binding function (associated with episodic buffer function) managed by bottom-up cognitive processes in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Further studies are necessary to confirm this novel finding

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