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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Current Addiction Research; 2018;2(1):27-30
Psikoaktif Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu ve Psikoz Birlikteliğinde Birincil-İkincil Ayrımı: Olgu Sunumu
I Göğcegöz, F Zakirov
Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Psikoaktif madde kullanım bozukluğu, bireylerin beyinlerindeki ödül, motivasyon, hafıza ve karar verme mekanizmalarını etkileyerek uyuşturucu kullanmaya karşı kontrol edilemez bir dürtüsellik ile giden, kronik bir hastalık olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu maddeler, bir yandan bağımlılık oluştururken diğer yandan santral sinir sistemini uyararak veya deprese ederek, duygudurum, mental durum, davranış ve motor fonksiyonlarda bozukluklara sebep olarak bireylerin hayatında tehlikeli sonuçlar doğurabilmektedir. Alkol, kannabis, kokain, opiyatlar, amfetamin ve benzeri maddeler, kafein, halusinojenler, liserjik asit dietilamid (LSD), inhalanlar, nikotin, fensiklidin, sedatifler, hipnotikler, anksiyolitikler, anabolik steroidler, nitröz oksid bağımlılık oluşturan maddeler arasında sayılabilir (1,2). Madde kullanım bozukluğu olan hastalarda psikiyatrik bozukluğun görülme sıklığı 2.7 kat daha fazladır. Madde kullanım bozukluğu olan bireylerin %70-75’inde en az bir psikiyatrik bozukluğun eşlik ettiği bildirilmiştir (2,3). Aynı zamanda psikiyatrik bozukluklarda madde kullanımının daha sık olduğu bilinmektedir. Türkiye’de yapılan bir çalışmada şizofrenide psikoaktif madde kullanımı %3.2, bipolar bozuklukta ise %3.5 olduğu bildirilmiştir. Aynı çalışmada madde kullanan ve yatarak tedavi gören hastaların %39’unun psikotik bozukluk, %23’ünün bipolar bozukluk tanısı aldığı görülmüştür (4). Madde kullanımına bağlı bozukluklar arasında oldukça sık görülen psikotik bozukluk veya eştanı durumu klinik olarak oldukça önemlidir. Bu durumda klinisyenlerin karşılaştığı en büyük zorluklardan birisi birincil-ikincil ayrımıdır (5). Bu çalışmada, psikoaktif madde kullanımı ve psikoz birlikteliği ile birincil-ikincil ayrımı iki olgu örneği üzerinden tartışılmaktadır
Primary-Secondary Differentiation of Substance Use Disorders and Psychosis Association: Case Report
Psychoactive substance use disorder can be defined as a chronic illness with an uncontrollable impulsivity to drug use by affecting reward, motivation, memory and decision making mechanisms in individuals brains. These substances can cause dangerous consequences in the lives of individuals by causing addiction and, on the other hand, by stimulating or depressing the central nervous system, causing mood, mental state, behavioral and motor function disorders. Caffeine, hallucinogens, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), inhalants, nicotine, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, anabolic steroids, nitrous oxide are among the addictive substances (1 ,2). The incidence of psychiatric disorders in patients with substance use disorders is 2.7 times higher. It has been reported that 70-75% of individuals with substance use disorders are accompanied by at least one psychiatric disorder (2,3). It is also known that substance abuse is more common in psychiatric disorders. In a study conducted in Turkey psychoactive substance use in schizophrenia 3.2%, while bipolar disorder is reported to be 3.5%. In the same study, 39% of the patients who received substance abuse and inpatient treatment received psychotic disorder and 23% received bipolar disorder (4). Very common psychotic disorder or comorbid condition among substance use related disorders is clinically important. One of the biggest challenges faced by clinicians in this case is the primary-secondary distinction (5). In this study, psychoactive substance use and psychosis association and primary-secondary distinction are discussed through two case studies.

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