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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 55; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2018;55(4):307-314
Non-Alkolik Gastrointestinal Sistem Hastalıkları Nedeniyle Gelişen Wernicke Ensefalopatileri
İG Doğan, GU Altıokka, F Türker, B Saka, B Bilgiç, EK Orhan
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Wernicke ensefalopatisi (WE) özellikle non-alkolik grupta yeterince tanınmayan, geç kalınırsa mortalite ve morbidite ile sonuçlanan, nöropsikiyatrik bir hastalıktır. Korsakoff sendromu ise bu durumun kalıcı hafıza bozukluğu ile giden kronik bir sonucudur. Bu çalışmada, WE olan non-alkolik hasta serisi sunulmaktadır. Çalışmadaki amacımız WE olan non-alkolik hastalardaki predispozan faktörleri analiz etmek ve erken tanı ile tiamin replasmanının önemini vurgulamaktır. Yöntem: Tıp Fakültemize 2012–2014 yılları arasında başvuran, gastrointestinal sistem hastalığı ve/veya cerrahisini takiben WE gelişen altı olgunun klinik kayıtları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Yaşları 24 ile 55 arasında değişen üç kadın, üç erkek hasta değerlendirildi. Hastaların hepsinde non-alkolik tipte gastrointestinal sistem hastalığı vardı ve/veya gastrointestinal sistem cerrahisi uygulanmıştı. En sık presipitan faktörler kusma, kilo kaybı ve parenteral beslenmeydi. Altı hastanın dördünde yürüme ataksisi, okulomotor değişiklikler ve mental yetersizlikten oluşan klasik triad mevcuttu. Manyetik rezonans görüntülemelerinde hastalarda medial talamus, mamiller cisimcikler ve periakuaduktal alanlarda değişik derecelerde sinyal değişiklikleri izlendi. Tiamin replasmanından sonra hastaların hepsinde klinik düzelme gözlendi. Tartışma: Klinisyenler, potansiyel yıkıcı etkileri olan bu hastalığın tedavisini optimize etmek ya da önleyebilmek için semptomlar ve predispozan faktörler açısından uyanık olmalıdır. Tiamin replasmanı, gastrointestinal sistem hastalığı ya da bu konuda cerrahi uygulanan hastalarda akılda tutulmalıdır.
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy due to Non-Alcoholic Gastrointestinal Tract Disease
Introduction: Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is an underdiagnosed neuropsychiatric disorder especially in non-alcoholic groups that causes morbidity-mortality if diagnosis is delayed. Korsakoff syndrome is a chronic consequence of this condition characterized by persistent memory impairment. In this study we present a series of non-alcoholic patients with WE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the predisposing factors in non-alcoholic patients with WE and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with thiamine supplementation. Methods: The clinical records of 6 cases with WE followed by gastrointestinal tract disease and/or surgery who were admitted to our Medical Faculty between 2012 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The study included 3 men and 3 women in the age range of 24 to 55. All patients had gastrointestinal tract diseases and/or had undergone gastrointestinal surgeries, and were non-alcoholic. Vomiting, weight loss, and parenteral nutrition were the frequent precipitating factors. The classic triad of mental impairment, oculomotor alterations and gait ataxia was present in 4 of the 6 patients. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed typical signal alterations in the medial thalami, mammillary bodies and the periaqueductal region of patients in various degrees. Clinical improvement was seen in each patient after thiamine supplementation. Discussion: Physicians should be aware of the predisposing factors and symptoms to prevent or optimize the management of this potentially devastating disease. Thiamine supplementation should be considered in patients with gastrointestinal tract diseases or those who have undergone surgery.

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