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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi; 2017;4(3):1-10
Lacanyen Yaklaşımda Histeriğin Arzusu ve Arzunun Tatminsizliği
DÖ Şimşek
Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara
Lacanyen analiz yapısal bir yaklaşım çerçevesinde oluşturulmuştur ve üç temel yapıyı içermektedir. Bu temel yapılar psikoz, nevroz ve perversiyon olarak adlandırılmıştır. Tanımlanan yapısal kategoriler öznenin tekrar geri getirilemeyecek ya da bulunamayacak bir kayba olan reaksiyonuna işaret etmektedir. Özne, yaşadığı kaybın üstesinden farklı mekanizmalar kullanarak gelmeye çalışmaktadır. İçinde bulunduğu kaybın etkileriyle baş edebilmek için kendini farklı şekillerde konumlandırmaya çalışır ve temel yapısının özelliklerine uygun olarak şu başlıca baş etme mekanizmalarını kullanır: bastırma (repression), reddetme (disavowal) ve hesaptan düşme (foreclosure). Temel yapısal kategorilerin yanısıra Lacanyen yaklaşımda bir de alt kategoriler bulunmaktadır. Örneğin, nevroz temel yapısının üç alt kategorisi bulunmaktadır. Bunlar histeri, obsesyon ve fobidir. Alt kategoriler belli başlı semptomlara göre sınıflandırılmanın aksine öznenin Öteki ve nesneyle ilişkilenme biçimi esas alınarak sınıflara ayrılmışlardır. Mevcut çalışmanın konusu nevrotik yapının alt kategorisi olan histeri olarak belirlenmiştir. Histerik yapının Öteki ve nesneyle olan ilişkisinin, yapının en belirgin özelliği olan histeriğin arzusu kavramı üzerinden tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebeple, ilgili literatür bilgileri verildikten sonra bahsedilen özellik çerçevesinde bir vaka örneği geriye dönük (retrospektif) bir yaklaşımla ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Vakanın histerik yapıyı düşündüren özellikleri, “arzunun tatminsizliği” ve “arzulanan olmak” kavramları üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmanın son kısmında literatür bilgisiyle uyum gösterecek şekilde terapi sürecine yer verilmiştir. Süreç içinde dikkat çekici bir nokta olan histeriğin kendi ve Ötekinin arzusuna yönelik sonu gelmez sorularına karşı terapistin alması beklenen pozisyon çalışmanın kapsamına dahil edilmiştir.
A Lacanian Approach to a Case of Hysteria: The Desire of the Hysteric
Lacanian diagnostic criteria are developed from a structural point of view, including only three main categories which are neurosis, psychosis, and perversion. These structures correspond to a fundamental loss. Therefore, the subjects try to manage it in different ways, such as repression, foreclosing, and disavowal. These are the ways in which the subjects position him-/herself in relation to loss in order to overcome its effects. In Lacanian psychoanalysis, there are subcategories as well. For example, the subcategories within neurosis are hysteria, obsession, and phobia. Additionally, rather than being categorized on the basis of specific set of symptoms, they are based on different relations to the Other and to the object. Thus, the main interest of this article will be on hysteria. The hysteric’s relation with the Other and the object will be discussed by focusing on one of the most distinguishing features of the hysterical structure, the hysterical desire. A case example will be given in accordance with the provided literature. The dominant determinative feature of the case is described as a desire for “an unsatisfied desire” as well as a desire “to be desired.” In the last part of the article, the therapy process will be reviewed. Also, the therapist’s stance in approaching the hysteric’s never-ending questions to find the knowledge of herself and the Other’s desire will be covered.

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