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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions; 2018;5(3):473-505
Alkol Tüketim Kültürü ve Alkol Araştırmaları ile Alkol Kontrol Politikaları Konusunda Görüşler: Nitel Bir Araştırma
S Mercan, Öİ Onaran, A İlbak, H Atasoy, EŞ Teloğlu, P Torun, O Hayran
Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Araştırmanın amacı, alkollü içecekleri hiç kullanmamış, geçmişte kullanıp bırakmış ve hâlen kullanan kişilerin alkol tüketim kültürü, alkol araştırmaları ve alkol kontrol politikaları ile ilgili görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Nitel yöntemin tercih edildiği araştırmada, veriler yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmış ve tematik çerçeve analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre alkol, kullananlar tarafından bir rahatlama ve sosyalleşme aracı; kullanmayanlar tarafından ise mutsuzluk, huzursuzluk, çöküş ve günah olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Katılımcılar, kapalı toplum özelliği nedeniyle alkol araştırmalarında doğru yanıtlara ulaşılamayacağını ileri sürmüştür. Dolayısıyla alkol konusundaki araştırmaların devlet eliyle değil, fakat kurumsal bir kimliğe sahip kuruluşlarca yapılması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Araştırmalarda görev alacak anketörlerin objektif, tutum ve davranışlarıyla güven veren bireyler olmasının da büyük önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca katılımcılar, alkol kontrol politikası olarak toplumu alkolün zararları konusunda bilinçlendirmenin lüzumuna dikkat çekmişlerdir. Bu çerçevede uygulanacak yasaklamaların etkisiz kalacağını çünkü isteyen herkesin bir şekilde alkollü içeceklere erişebileceğini ve daha da önemlisi yasakların tüketimi cazip hâle getireceğini belirtmişlerdir. Bu nedenle kontrol politikalarının, yasakları değil sosyal uğraşlara yönlendirme yaklaşımını esas alarak düzenlenmesinin doğru olacağını savunmuşlardır. Sonuç itibarıyla yapılan araştırma, alkol tüketim kültürünü tarif eden çıktıların arka planı hakkında katılımcıların kendi ifadelerine dayanarak ciddi ipuçları sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma, toplumun hem alkol araştırmaları hem de alkol kontrol politikaları konusunda göz önünde tutulması gereken düşünce ve algılarını ortaya koymaktadır.
Alcohol Consumption and Views on Alcohol Research and Control Policies in Turkey: A Qualitative Study
This study aims to determine the culture of alcohol consumption and elicit the views of drinkers, former drinkers, and nondrinkers on alcohol consumption, alcohol research, and alcohol control policies. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using Thematic Framework analysis. Alcohol consumption was described as a means for socialising and relaxing by the drinkers, whereas unhappiness, anxiety and depression by the non-drinkers. The participants have argued that the responses in alcohol studies are unreliable due to social characteristics and that alcohol research should be conducted by institutions, not the state. Interviewers were suggested to have come across as objective, non-judgmental, and likeable with a reassuring attitude and to have used body language appropriately. The participants support a positive approach in control policies by increasing awareness, and prohibition is not believed achievable in practice or to be an effective alcohol control policy as it instead makes drinking attractive. Therefore, the recommendation is to target the whole population by increasing facilities with social activities and encouraging social life. In conclusion, the study has provided valuable hints for planning alcohol research and control policies, and it is especially useful for understanding the background of alcohol consumption culture in Turkey.

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