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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2018;11(3):80-86
Lewy Cisimcikli Major Nörobilişsel Bozukluklar ve Hafif Bilişsel Bozukluk
EY Demir
Ordu Medikal Park Hastanesi, Ordu
Yaşlılarda demansın az tanınan bir tipi olan demans Lewy cisimcikleri ile (DLC), Parkinson hastalığı (PH) ve Alzheimer hastalığı belirtilerine ek olarak kendine özgü nörodavranışsal ve bilişsel özelliklere sahip bir demans tipidir. DLC, görsel halüsinasyonlar, bilişsel dalgalanmalar, spontan parkinsonizm ve REM latansı davranış bozukluğu tetradı ile karakterize, yaşlılarda sık görülen bir demans türüdür. Nöropatolojik çalışmalar DLC'nin demans olgularının %15-20'si kadarını oluşturduğunu bildirmektedir. Lewy cisimli demansın ayırt edici özellikleri nöronal kayıp ile birlikte giden α-sinüklein nöronal inklüzyonlarıdır. LCD tedavisinin yönetimi hastalığı modifiye edici ilaçlar olmadığı için çoğunlukla semptomatiktir. Tedavi ile ilgili çok az randomize kontrollü çalışma mevcuttur. Normal yaşlanma sürecindeki bireyler ile demansı olan bireyler arasındaki ara bölgedeki bireyleri tanımlamak için kullanılan terim ‘'Hafif bilişsel bozukluk (HBB)'' ya da Mild Cognitive İmpairment (MCI)'dır. Yaşlı hastaların yaklaşık %3-19'unda HBB mevcut olup, bu bireyler artmış demans riskiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Yıllık olarak AH veya diğer demans tiplerine dönüşüm oranları %10-15 arasındadır. Deman için tam bir tedavi söz konusu değilken, yapılan araştırmalar HBB aşamasında, özellikle nonfarmakolojik yaklaşımların bilişsel ve fonksiyonel özellikleri geliştirip, hastalığın ilerlemesini geciktirebileceğini göstermektedir.
Major Neurocognitive Disorders with Lewy Body and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Dementia with lewy bodies (DLC) is a little known demantia type having specific neurobehavioral and cognitive features addition to Parkinson and Alzheimer disease symptoms. DLC is frequent in elderly and is characterized by tetrad of visual hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations, spontaneous Parkinsonism and behavioral impairment with REM latancy. Neuropathologic studies reveal DLC covering about %15-20 of all dementia types. Lewy body demantias (LCD) distinguishing features are a-sinüklein inclusions with neuronal loss. The treatment of LCD is mostly sympthomatic since there are no modifying agents yet. There are very few randomized studies about the treatment of LCD. The grey zone between phsiological aging process and dementia is called Mild Cognitive Impairement (MCI). MCI is present in about %3-19 in older population and is being linked to increased ris of demantia. Progressing of MCI to AD and demantia types is about %10-15 annually. Even though there is no specific treatment for demantia, progression of disease may be altered at MCI stage by developing cognitive and functional properties via nonpharmacological methods.

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