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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2018;11(4):66-72
Travma ve Sonrası: Hastalık mı, Büyüme mi?
C Kılıç, ÖŞ Uluğ
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Ruhsal travmalardan sonra ruhsal hastalıkların artması evrenseldir. Savaşlar, kazalar, kayıpları gibi korkutucu olaylar sonrasında travma sonrası stres bozukluğu başta olmak üzere ruhsal hastalık oranlarında artışlar görülür. Bu hastalıklar hem uzun sürer, hem de sosyal işlevler ve işgücünde ciddi kayıplara yol açar. Herhangi bir travmadan sonra herkesin hastalanmaması, hastalananların bir kısmının yıllar boyu düzelmemesi risk faktörlerinin önemini gösterir. Kadınların, geçmişte travma yaşamış olanların, travmayı şiddetli yaşamış veya şiddetli ruhsal tepki vermiş olanların hastalanma ihtimali daha yüksektir. Eğitimin ise koruyucu etkisi olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bazı kişiler, travmaların ruhsal etkilerine karşı daha dirençlidir. Bir kısım insanda da, ruhsal etkilenme olsa da, başka bazı açılardan olumlu değişiklikler gözlenmektedir. Büyük kayıplar, acılar yaşayan bazı insanlar, kendilerine güven artışı, insanlarla ilişkilerinde, genelde dünyaya bakışlarında olumlu değişiklikler bildirmektedirler. Olumsuz olayların olumlu yönlerini görmeye ve göstermeye çalışmak, travmatize kişilerin tedavilerinde büyük yararlar sağlayabilir.
Trauma and its Wake: Illness or Growth?
The increase in psychological problems after psychological traumas is universal. After frightening events such as wars, accidents or losses, there are increases in the rates of mental illness, especially post-traumatic stress disorder. These illnesses are usually chronic, and they cause losses in social and work functions. The fact that not everyone gets sick after any trauma and that some of the affected people do not improve for many years, shows the importance of risk factors. Women, those who have suffered traumas in the past, those who have experienced more severe trauma or have experienced severe psychological reactions are more likely to become ill. Education is reported to have protective effect. Some people are more resistant to the psychological effects of trauma. Some people who are negatively affected by the trauma, show positive changes in several areas. Some people who suffer great losses and sufferings report positive changes in their self-esteem, in their relationships with other people, and generally in their view of the world. Trying to see the positive aspects of negative events, and to show these to our patients can provide great benefits in the treatment of traumatized individuals.

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