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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 55; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2018;55(3):280-290
Majör Depresif Bozukluk İçin Önerilen Biyobelirleyiciler
Y Hacımusalar, E Eşel
Kayseri Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kayseri
Günümüzde depresyonun tanısı büyük oranda klinik muayeneye ve çeşitli semptomların öznel olarak değerlendirilmesine bağlıdır. Bugün için majör depresif bozukluk (MDB) tanısında kullanılabilecek girişimsel olmayan, nicel bir test yoktur. MDB’de tanının yanı sıra, tedavi seçiminde ve tedaviye cevabı tahmin etmede yol gösterebilecek biyobelirleyicilerin (biyomarker) bulunması yararlı olacaktır. Bu makalede MDB’de biyobelirleyici olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmekte olan büyüme faktörleri, sitokinler ve diğer iltihabi belirleyiciler, oksidatif stres belirleyicileri, endokrin belirleyiciler, enerji dengesi hormonları, genetik ve epigenetik özellikler ve görüntüleme bulgularının gözden geçirilmesi ve bu bulguların MDB’nin patofizyolojisi, tedaviye yanıtın tahmini, hastalığın şiddeti ve alt tiplerinin belirlenmesi konusunda katkılarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunların içinde; beyin kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör, hipotalamo-pitüiter-adrenal eksen, sitokin ve görüntüleme bulgularının depresyonda hem belirleyici olarak ele alınma bakımından güçlü adaylar olduğu, hem de MDB’nin biyolojik etiyolojisinin anlaşılmasında çok önemli bilgiler sağladığı söylenebilir. Bulgular henüz yetersiz olmasına karşın, epigenetik çalışmaların sonuçlarının da MDB’nin belirleyicileri konusuna çok önemli katkılar sunacağını düşünmekteyiz. MDB’de kullanılabilecek biyobelirleyicilerin bulunması hastalığın tanısı, erken dönemlerindeki tedavi seçimi ve hastalığın gidişatının tahminini kolaylaştıracak bir ilerleme olacaktır.
Suggested Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder
Currently, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) mainly relies on clinical examination and subjective evaluation of depressive symptoms. There is no non-invasive, quantitative test available today for the diagnosis of MDD. In MDD, exploration of biomarkers will be helpful in diagnosing the disorder as well as in choosing a treatment, and predicting the treatment response. In this article, it is aimed to review the findings of suggested biomarkers such as growth factors, cytokines and other inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, endocrine markers, energy balance hormones, genetic and epigenetic features, and neuroimaging in MDD and to evaluate how these findings contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD, the prediction of treatment response, severity of the disorder, and identification of subtypes. Among these, the findings related to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, cytokines, and neuroimaging may be strong candidates for being biomarkers MDD, and may provide critical information in understanding biological etiology of depression. Although the findings are not sufficient yet, we think that the results of epigenetic studies will also provide very important contributions to the biomarker research in MDD. The availability of biomarkers in MDD will be an advancement that will facilitate the diagnosis of the disorder, treatment choices in the early stages, and prediction of the course of the disorder.

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