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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 55; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2018;55(2):189-194
Anti-Nöronal Antikoru Pozitif Hastalarda Prognostik Faktörler
Ç Aydın, ŞY Çelik, S İçöz, C Ulusoy, T Gündüz, GA Demir, M Kürtüncü, E Tüzün
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Anti-nöronal antikorlar (ANA), paraneoplastik sendrom ve otoimmün ensefalit olgularında bulunur. Çalışmamızda ANA seropozitifliği ile ilişkili prognostik faktörlerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: ANA seropozitifliği saptanan ardışık 27 olgu çalışmaya dahil edildi. ANA, immünofloresan boyama, immünoblot ve hücre temelli test yöntemleri ile saptandı. Tüm olgular standart bir tedavi protokolü ile izlendi. Hastaların klinik sendromları, tümör türleri, modifiye Rankin skorları, kranyal MR ve oligoklonal bant (OKB) bulguları kaydedildi. Klinik-laboratuvar özelliklerine ve ANA türlerine göre alt gruplara ayrılan olguların iyi prognoz, tedaviye yanıt ve sağkalım oranları karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: PNS olgularında N-metil-D-aspartat reseptörü (NMDAR) (6 olgu), Hu (6 olgu), Ma2 (5 olgu), glutamik asit dekarboksilaz (GAD) (3 olgu), Yo (3 olgu), amfifizin (1 olgu), gama-amino bütirik asit B reseptörü (GABABR) (1 olgu), Ri (1 olgu) ve Zic4 (1 olgu) saptandı. İlişkili nörolojik sendromlar limbik ensefalit (8 olgu), serebellar dejenerasyon (7 olgu), beyin sapı ensefaliti (5 olgu), saf duysal nöronopati (4 olgu), stiff-person sendromu (2 olgu) ve opsoklonus-myoklonus (1 olgu) idi. Altı olguda, ilk başvuru sırasında tümör (duktal meme ve küçük hücreli akciğer kanseri) saptandı. Ortalama 1,0±1,5 yıllık takip süresinde 6 olgu kaybedildi. Kliniğe ilk başvuru sırasında tümör, kranyal MR lezyonu ve OKB varlığının prognoza etkisi olmadığı, ekstrasellüler veya sinaptik hedef antijenli ANA pozitifliğinin ise iyi prognozla ve tedaviye yanıtla ilişkili olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Türk hastalarında yapılan bu ilk antikor tarama çalışmasında en sık saptanan antikorların NMDAR, Hu ve Ma2 olduğu belirlendi. ANA seropozitifliği olan olgularda temel prognostik faktörün antikor türü olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Prognostic Factors in Anti-Neuronal Antibody Positive Patients
Introduction: Anti-neuronal antibodies (ANA) are found in paraneoplastic neurological syndrome and autoimmune encephalitis patients. Our aim was to analyze prognostic factors related with ANA seropositivity. Methods: Twenty-seven consecutive ANA seropositive patients were included in the study. ANA were detected by immunofluorescent staining, immunoblot and cell-based assay methods. All patients were followed with a standard treatment protocol. Clinical syndromes, tumor types, modified Rankin scores, cranial MRI and oligoclonal band (OCB) findings were recorded. Cases were divided into subgroups due to clinical-laboratory features and ANA types. Prevalence of good prognosis, response to treatment and survival were compared among these subgroups. Results: Patients showed antibodies to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) (6 cases), Hu (6 cases), Ma2 (5 cases), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) (3 cases), Yo (3 cases), amphiphysin (1 case), gamma-amino butyric acid B receptor (GABABR) (1 case), Ri (1 case) and Zic4 (1 case). Associated neurological syndromes were limbic encephalitis (8 cases), subacute cerebellar degeneration (7 cases), brainstem encephalitis (5 cases), subacute sensory neuronopathy (4 cases), stiff-person syndrome (2 cases) and opsoclonus-myoclonus (1 case). A tumor (ductal breast, small cell lung cancer) was detected in six cases at first admission. Six patients died in an average follow-up time of 1.0±1.5 years. Detection of antibodies to extracellular or synaptic target antigens, but not presence of tumor, cranial MRI lesions or OCB, was associated with good prognosis and response to treatment. Conclusion: NMDAR, Hu and Ma2-antibodies were the most prevalent ANA in this first antibody screening study in a Turkish cohort. Antibody type was determined to be the foremost prognostic factor in ANA seropositive cases.

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