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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 55; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2018;55(2):183-188
Belirsizlikle İlişkili Düşüncelerin Ulaşılabilirliği Üzerinde Psikolojik Dışlanmanın Etkisi
HY Güzel, DN Şahin
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: İnsanoğlu hayatta kalabilmek için bir gruba ait olma ihtiyacı hisseder. Bu nedenle, gruptan dışlanmaya dair ipuçlarını tespit edecek bilişsel beceriler geliştiririz. Gruptan dışlanmak tıpkı kişisel belirsizlik hissetmek gibi tehdit edici bir durumdur. Geçici İhtiyaç Tehdidi Modeli’nde, psikolojik dışlanmanın kişisel ve durumsal belirsizlik hissine yol açabileceği öne sürülmektedir. Buna göre, psikolojik dışlanma kişinin içinde yaşadığı dünyayı anlamlandırma ve nasıl davranacağını kontrol etme ihtiyaçlarını tehdit ettiğinden, insanları kişisel belirsizlikle yüz yüze getirmektedir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, psikolojik dışlanmanın davranışlar üzerindeki etkisinde belirsizliğin rol oynadığına yönelik bu iddiayı doğrudan sınayan deneysel bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada psikolojik dışlanma manipülasyonunun ardından belirsizlikle ilişkili düşüncelerin ulaşılabilirliğindeki artışı incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntem: Psikolojik dışlanmayı manipüle edebilmek amacıyla tüm katılımcılar Sanal Top Oyunu oynamışlar; bunun yanı sıra, yer aldıkları deney koşuluna bağlı olarak, ya oyundan önce ya da sonra bir oyalama görevi tamamlamışlardır. Ardından, belirsizlikle ilişkili düşüncelerin ulaşılabilirliğini ölçmek için kullanılan sözcüksel karar görevini tamamlamışlardır. Bulgular: Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular psikolojik dışlanmaya maruz kalan katılımcıların belirsizlikle ilişkili kelimelere, soyut olanlara kıyasla daha hızlı tepki verdiklerini göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, beklenildiği gibi, kontrol koşulunda, katılımcıların belirsizlikle ilişkili kelimeler ile soyut kelimelere gösterdikleri tepki zamanları arasında anlamlı fark yoktur. Sonuç: Bu bulgulara dayanarak, psikolojik dışlanmaya maruz kalmanın belirsizlikle ilişkili düşüncelerin ulaşılabilirliğini arttırdığını söyleyebiliriz. Bulgulara dair bu yorumumuzun doğru olduğu kabul edilirse, elde edilen bu bulguların, belirsizlikle ilişkili endişelerin, psikolojik dışlanmaya gösterilen tepkilerin önemli bir öncülü olduğu yönündeki iddiayı destekleyen, deneysel bir veri sağladığı söylenebilir.
The Effect of Ostracism on the Accessibility of Uncertainty-Related Thoughts
Introduction: Humans have a need to belong a group to survive. For this reason, people have enhanced cognitive abilities to detect cues about rejection. Thus, rejection from our group is a threatening situation like feeling personal uncertainty. According to Temporal Need Threat Model, ostracism may lead to personal uncertainty and situational ambiguity. Since being ostracized threatens people’s need to understand their world, and to control how they should behave, it confronts people with personal uncertainty. According to our knowledge, there is no experiment providing a direct empirical evidence of this proposition about the role of uncertainty in ostracism. Thus, the goal of the present study was to assess the accessibility of uncertainty-related thoughts following ostracism manipulation. Methods: In order to manipulate ostracism, participants played a Cyberball game. Besides, they executed a distracter task either before or after the game depending on the experiment condition they are in. Then, all participants completed the lexical decision task, which was used to measure the accessibility of uncertainty-related thoughts. Results: The results of this study revealed that ostracized participants reacted faster to uncertainty-related words than to abstract ones. As expected, we did not find any significant difference between uncertaintyrelated and abstract response latencies in the inclusion condition. Conclusion: Based on these results we might conclude that being ostracized leads to an increase in uncertainty accessibility. If this interpretation is correct, this would suggest that our findings provide an empirical support for the proposition by temporal need threat model that uncertainty concerns may be a key antecedent of reactions to being ostracized.

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