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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 55; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2018;55(2):161-170
Madde Yanıt Kuramıyla Öz Bildirim Türü Stres Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması-I: Madde Seçimi, Faktör Yapısının Oluşturulması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
A Tatar, G Saltukoğlu, E Özmen
Teksas Üniversitesi, Amerika
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, stresle ilgili Türkçe araçların az sayıda olması göz önünde tutularak, stresin ölçülmesine yönelik bir ölçek geliştirilmesi ve ölçeğin temel psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, madde havuzu oluşturma ve madde seçme ile seçilen maddelerin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi olarak iki süreç ve üç çalışmadan oluşmuştur. 1. Çalışmada 130 madde 18–77 yaşları arasında 611 kişiye, seçilen 80 madde 2. çalışmada 18–68 yaşları arasında 2223 kişiye ve son forma alınan 36 madde ise 3. çalışmada 18–79 yaşları arasında 1969 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, 3. çalışmada kriter bağıntılı geçerlik çalışması için 163 kişi Coopersmith Benlik Saygısı Envanteri’ni, 113 kişi Beck Anksiyete Envanteri’ni, 104 kişi Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği’ni, 107 kişi Beck Depresyon Envanteri’ni ve 265 kişi Algılanan Stres Ölçeği’ni cevaplamıştır. Test - tekrar test çalışması kapsamında, 119 kişi iki hafta, 111 kişi de üç hafta sonra, son formu yeniden doldurmuştur. Bulgular: 1. Çalışmada, 130 maddeden, madde-ölçek toplam puan korelasyonu 0,30’un altında yer alarak ölçek bütünü ile zayıf ilişkili görünen 54 madde atılmış, 57 madde aynen alınmış, 19 maddenin de cümle yapılarında değişiklik yapılmıştır. Ayrıca dört yeni madde daha eklenerek 2. çalışma için 80 madde hazırlanmıştır. 2. Çalışmada, “Fizyolojik Tepki/Zorlanma” alt boyutu ve “Psikolojik/Bilişsel Süreçler” alt boyutu olmak üzere iki faktörlü yapı belirlenip, Madde Yanıt Kuramı kullanılarak 36 madde seçilmiştir. 3. Çalışmada, açıklayıcı faktör analiz ile 2. çalışmadaki iki boyutlu yapı aynen bulunmuştur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları ise modelin veriye uyumunu göstermiştir. Ölçeğin bütünü için 0,94, Fizyolojik Tepki/Zorlanma alt boyutu için 0,90, Psikolojik/Bilişsel Süreçler alt boyutu için 0,91 iç tutarlılık katsayıları elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin bütünü ile kriter olarak alınan diğer ölçekler arasında 0,22 ila 0,63 arasında değişen korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Test - tekrar test çalışmasında da ölçek bütünü için ilk uygulama ile hem iki hem de üç hafta sonraki uygulama arasında 0,88 korelasyon katsayısı bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar, geliştirilen ölçeğin geçerlik çalışmalarıyla desteklenmek koşuluyla temel psikometrik gereklilikleri taşıdığını göstermiştir.
Development of a Self Report Stress Scale Using Item Response Theory-I: Item Selection, Formation of Factor Structure and Examination of Its Psychometric Properties
Introduction: Due to the absence of Turkish psychometric devices assessing stress, in the present study it was aimed to develop a stress scale, and examine its basic psychometric properties. Methods: Current study included two processes, formation of item pool and examination of psychometric properties of the selected items through three studies. In the first study, 611 individuals aged between 18 and 77 responded to 130 selected items. In the second study, 2223 individuals aged between 18 and 68 responded to 80 items. In the third study, 1969 individuals aged between 18 and 79 responded to the final form of 36 items. Further, in study 3 for criterion related validity 163 individuals completed the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, 113 individuals completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, 104 individuals completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, 107 individuals completed the Beck Depression Inventory, and 265 individuals completed the Perceived Stress Scale. Moreover, in the investigation of testretest reliability, 119 individuals took the final form of the test after 2 weeks, and 111 individuals took the final form of the test after 3 weeks. Results: In the first study, out of 130 items, 54 that showed item-total score correlations below 0.30 were excluded from the scale. Fifty-seven items were preserved exactly, and 19 items’ sentence structures were changed. Furthermore, by adding 4 new items, 80 were prepared for the second study. In the second study, two factors structure namely “Physiological Reactions/ Strain” and “Psychological/Cognitive Appraisals” sub-dimensions were identified, and 36 items were selected via Item Response Theory representing these sub-dimensions. In study 3, exploratory factor analysis provided strong support for our hypothesized two factors structure. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated hypothesized model had a better fit to the data. Internal consistency coefficients were 0.94 for the entire scale, 0.90 for Physiological Reactions/Strain sub-dimension, and 0.91 for Psychological/ Cognitive Appraisals sub-dimension. Correlation coefficients between the entire scale and other criterion scales ranged from 0.22 to 0.63. Test-retest correlation coefficients between the first administration of the scale, and the administrations at two and three week intervals were 0.88. Conclusion: Results showed that the scale has basic psychometric requirements provided that the scale will be supported by validity studies.

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