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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 29; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2018;29(2):131-137
“Şanssızım” Anlatımının Mazoşist Kişilik Bağlamında İşlevi
Ç Dürü
Lefke Avrupa Üniviversitesi, Kıbrıs
Bu yazıda, psikoterapide danışanların sıklıkla dile getirdiği bir yakınma olan “şanssızım” anlatımı ele alınmakta ve mazoşist kişilik yapısıyla ilişkisi irdelenmektedir. Şans, dış dünyaya ait bir kavramdır. Ancak şanssızım anlatımı, kişinin kendi kimliğine içkin bir kavrama dönüşmektedir. Psikoterapi sürecinde bazı danışanlar, kendisinin diğer insanlardan daha şanssız olduğuna dair bir izlenimi açıkça veya örtük olarak dile getirirler. Kendini diğerlerinden daha şanssız görmek, psikoterapi sürecinde çeşitli zorluklar çıkarmaktadır: Şanssızlık psikoterapide ele alınması olanaksız bir “kişilik özelliği” halini alarak, terapisti çaresiz bırakabilir. Ayrıca şans dış dünyaya ait bir özellikken şanssızlık kişinin kimliğinin bir parçası halini alır ve iç dünyayla dış dünya arasındaki sınırlar belirsizleşir. Bu yazıda öncelikle psikanalitik yönelimli psikoterapi sürecindeki iki olgunun kendilerini nasıl şanssız olarak tanımladıkları aktarılmakta ve bu olguların sunduğu malzeme, psikanalitik kavramlar kullanılarak tartışılmaktadır. Aşırı cezalandırıcı üstbenlik, cezalandırılma gereksinimi, ölüm dürtüsü ve dolayısıyla mazoşist kişilik bu tartışmanın temel eksenini oluşturmaktadır. Kişilerin şanssızlık olarak nitelendirdikleri pek çok durumda, kişinin kendine yönelttiği bir saldırganlığın olabileceği ve kişinin neden böylesi bir saldırıyı kendisine yönelttiğinin dinamikleri tartışılmaktadır. Mazoşist kişiliğin temel özelliklerinden birisi olan kendine eziyet ederek sevilir olma düşleminin yanı sıra cezalandırılma gereksiniminin veya bilinçdışı suçluluk duygularının yas tutmamak için kullanılan bir geçiş alanı olabileceği görüşü, Winnicott’un geçiş nesnesi kavramı çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Terapi sürecinde zorluklara neden olan şanssızım anlatımının anlaşılmasının, psikoterapistlere daha geniş bir müdahale alanı açacağı düşünülmektedir
The Function of the Expression “I am Unlucky” with Respect toMasochistic Personality
In this paper, complaints of “unluckiness,” which are often heard in psychotherapy, are discussed with respect to masochistic personality. Luck is a concept that belongs to the outer world. However, the phrase “I am unlucky” can be a concept that becomes a part of one’s own identity. Some clients in the therapy process, either explicitly or implicitly, express the idea that they are unluckier than other people. Seeing one’s self as unluckier than others poses problems in the therapy process. The ‘unluckiness’ becomes a personality trait that is extremely difficult to handle, and thus, the therapist’s job becomes just as difficult. Moreover, while luck is an outer world concept, unluckiness becomes a part of one’s identity, and the boundary between the inner and outer worlds vanishes. In this paper, it is described how two clients in psychoanalytical-oriented therapy defined themselves as unlucky. The material from these cases is discussed using psychoanalytic concepts. An overly punitive superego, the need for punishment, death drive, and masochistic personality are the major axes of the discussion. It has been argued that in many instances where one describes him/herself as being unlucky, there may be an aggressive act in which the person aims harm at him/herself. The dynamics of this aggressive act are discussed. One of the major aspects of masochistic personality, the fantasy of “If I torture myself enough, eventually I will be loved” is also discussed. The view that the need for self-punishment or unconscious feelings of guilt may be obscuring feelings of grief is elaborated within the context of Winnicott’s transition object concept. It has been argued that if the phrase “I am unlucky,” which poses problems for therapists, is better understood, it may be better handled in the therapy process.

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