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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 33; Sayı: 81>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2018;33(81):62-78
Türkçe Kelimelerin Serbest Çağrışım Normları Üzerine Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması
Ü Akırmak, MA Orhon
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Kelimelerin çağrışım yapıları, kelimeler üzerine işlem yapılan durumsal görevlerde performansı etkilemektedir (Nelson, Dyrdal ve Goodmon, 2005). Serbest çağrışım yöntemi kullanılarak kelimelerin anlamca güçlü olarak bağlı olduğu diğer kelimeler belirlenip kelimelerin çağrışım yapılarının anlamsal bellekteki organizasyonuna dair bilgiler elde edilebilir. Türkçe kelimelerin çağrışım normları Tekcan ve Göz (2005) tarafından toplanmış olsa da bu bulguların güvenirliği ve geçerliği özel olarak test edilmemiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı var olan serbest çağrışım norm bulgularının güvenirlik ve geçerliğini belirlemektir. Güvenirliği ölçmek için yapılan birinci çalışmada, var olan normlardan 100 kelime seçilmiş ve bu kelimelerin uyandırdığı çağrışımlar hem klasik kalem-kağıt yöntemiyle hem de çevrimiçi olarak toplanılmıştır. Veriler çağrışım gücü, çağrışım seti büyüklüğü ve çağrışımın heterojenliği değerleri üzerinden karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular normatif verilerin yüksek güvenirliğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. İkinci çalışma, var olan normların yordama geçerliğini ipucu ile hatırlama yönteminin kullanıldığı deneysel bir desende sınamıştır. İpucu kelimelerinin çağrışım seti büyüklüğü ve çağrışım gücü değerleri değişimlenerek (manipüle edilerek) doğru hatırlama oranına etkileri incelenmiştir. Alanyazındaki beklentiler çerçevesinde çağrışım gücü değerleri yüksek ipuçları düşük olanlara göre daha iyi bellek performansı ile sonuçlanmış ancak ipucu çağrışım setinin büyüklüğü beklenen etkiyi göstermemiştir. Bulgular, çağrışım normlarının büyük oranda güvenilir ve geçerli olduğunu göstermekle beraber normatif verilerdeki eksikliklerin ilave norm çalışmaları ile giderilmesi gerektiğinin önemine işaret etmektedir.
A Study on the Reliability and Validity of the Turkish FreeAssociation Norms
Pre-existing semantic associations of words influence performance in various episodic tasks (Nelson, Dyrdal, & Goodmon, 2005). The free association task indexes strong associative relations among words. In turn, this makes it possible to map associative structure of the words in semantic memory. Although Tekcan and Goz (2005) collected free association norms of Turkish words in an earlier study, the reliability and validity of their findings have not been empirically tested with a specific study. The goal of the present study was to determine the reliability and validity of the existing free association norms. In Study 1, 100 words were randomly selected from the existing normative database and were normed again by using the standard free association method as well as an online version of the same task in order to assess the reliability. The obtained findings were compared in regard to associative strength, associative set size, and heterogeneity values. The results indicated that the existing norms have high reliability. Study 2 assessed the predictive validity of the existing norms in an extra-list cued recall experiment. The cue-to-target strength and cue set size were manipulated in order to examine their effects on correct recall. In line with the previous findings, high cue-to-target strength led to higher recall rates compared to low cue-to-target strength; however, the effects of cue set size were not in the expected direction. The present findings imply that the existing free association norms have high reliability and validity overall, but there is a

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