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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 29; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2018;29(3):154-161
Kronik Sigara Kullanımının Bilişsel İşlevler Üzerine Etkisi
G Güleç, Ö Akarsu, FM Şahin, A Eşsizoğlu, F Köşger, E Sezer, HO Sonkurt
Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir
Amaç: Bu araştırmada nikotin kullanım bozukluğu dışında başka bir ruhsal ya da bedensel hastalığı olmayan kişilerde kronik sigara kullanımının bilişsel işlevler üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma sigara kullanan (n=71), sigarayı bırakmış (n=39), sigara kullanmamış (n=49) olmak üzere 3 grup katılımcıyla yürütüldü. Çalışmaya katılan 3 gruba Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi, Stroop Testi, İz Sürme Testi, İşitsel Sözel Öğrenme Testi, Sayı Dizisi Öğrenme Testi uygulandı. Gruplar Üç Faktörlü Kovaryans Analizi ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Sigara kullanan grupta Stroop Testi 4. karttaki renk söyleme hızının temel düzeyini belirleyen süre puanları sigara kullanmayan gruba göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti. İz Sürme Testi-B’nin süre puanları sigara kullanan grupta sigara kullanmayan gruba göre, sigarayı bırakan grupta ise yine sigara kullanmayan grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek saptandı. İşitsel Sözel Öğrenme Testi-toplam serbest hatırlama puanı sigara kullanan grupta sigara kullanmayan ve sigarayı bırakan gruplara göre düşüktü. Sigara kullanmayan ve bırakan gruplar arasında İSÖT toplam serbest hatırlama puanı açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı. Sigara kullanan grupta saptanan nörobilişsel yetersizlikler doz ve süreyle ilişkiliydi. Sonuç: Bu çalışma işitsel sözel bellek, görsel-mekânsal işlemleme ve dikkat alanlarının sigara kullanan kişilerde seçici bir yetersizlik alanı olabileceğine dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmaya katılanların genel bilişsel performans düzeylerinin Wechsler Yetişkinler için Zeka Ölçeği (WAIS) gibi genel bir ölçüt ile değerlendirilmemiş olması önemli bir kısıtlılıktır.
The Effect of Chronic Cigarette Use on Cognitive Function
Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on the cognitive function in people who have no other mental or physical illness other than tobacco use disorder. Method: The study was carried out on three groups: smokers (n = 71), former smokers (n = 39), and non-smokers (n = 49). The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color and Word Test (ST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), and Serial Digit Learning Test (SDLT) were applied to the 3 groups participating in the study. Groups were compared with the Three-Factor Covariance Analysis. Results: Stroop test 4th card time score which determined the basic level of color discourse in the smoker group was significantly higher than the non-smoker group. The Trail Making Test-B time scores were significantly higher in the smoker group than the non-smoker group. And Trail Making Test-B time points were significantly higher in the former smoker group than nonsmoker group. Auditory Verbal Learning Test – verbal learning scores were lower in the smoker group than the non-smoker and former smoker group. There was no significant difference in verbal learning scores between the non-smoking and former smoker groups. The neurocognitive deficits in smokers appear to be related to dose and duration. Conclusion: This study suggests that auditory verbal memory, visualspatial processing, and attention areas may be a selective area of disability in smokers. A major limitation is the fact that general cognitive performance levels of participants was not assessed by a general criteria such as Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).

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