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Yıl:1996; Cilt: 33; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 1996;33(3):156-162
Resim ve Müzik Aracılığıyla Etkileşim Üzerinden İşleyen Gruplarda Psikoterapi Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi
N Eren, D Şahin, MB Saydam
İ.Ü. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Sosyal Psikiyatri Servisi
Amaç: Bu araş tırmanın amacı İ.Ü. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi AD Sosyal Psikiyatri Servisi'nde "betimsel sanat etkileşim" ve "müzik etkileşim" gruplarında ortaya çıkan grup sağaltıcı etmenlerin, tedavi sürecine bağlı olarak üyelerde gözlenen değişimlerle ilişkisini incelemektir.
Yöntem: Araşürmanın örneklemini, 3 yıl boyunca 3 ayrı tedavi grubuna katılan, psikodinamik açıdan borderline ya da psikotik kişilik organizasyonu içinde yer alan toplam 28 hasta oluşturmuştur. Tedavi öncesi gruba hazırlık aşamasında SCL 90-R, Bir İnsan Çiz Testi, Rorschach testi yardımıyla hastalar gruba uygunluk, tanı ve işlevsellik yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Grup tedavisi sonunda aynı testler ve Grup Sağaltıcı Etmenleri Anketi uygulanarak sonuçlar t Testi ve Pearson Korelasyon katsayısı ile istatistiksel olarak incelenmiştir.
Sonuçlar: Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, en fazla "iç boşaltma, evrensellik, grup kaynaşması ve umut oluşturma" etmenlerinden yararlandıkları, SCL 90-R puanlarında grup öncesi değerlere göre anlamlı bir düşüş olduğu, grup sağaltıcı etmenleri ile psikiyatrik belirtiler arasında anlamlı derecede negatif bir korelasyonun varlığı saptanmıştır. Değerlendirme: Alt düzey savunma düzenekleri kullanan hastalarla yapılan grup psikoterapisinde, resim ve müzik kullanılarak, betimleyici özellikleriyle hastaların etkileşime açılmalarını kolaylaştırıcı ve pekiştirici bir "geçiş nesnesi" niteliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Hastalar bu dolaylı araçlarla, çatışmalarım simgesel düzeyde ortaya koyabilmekte, takip eden sözeÜeştirme aşamasını daha net tanımlayabilmekte ve sorunları üzerinde çalışabilme olanağı bulabilmektedirler.
Evaluation Of The Psychotherapeutic Process In Groups Operating Through Interaction Based On Music And Art
investigate the relationship between therapeutic factors in the group and changes observed in group members during the treatment process in "expresive art and expresive music interactional" groups.
Methods: The study sample consisted of 28 patients, who applied to Social Psychiatry Section of The Psychiatry Department in The Medical Faculty of Istanbul University, dynamically evaluated within the borderline or psychotic organization spectrum, who participated in 3 different groups during a period of 3 [year]s. During the pretreament preparation period SCL-90 R, Draw a person and Rorschach tests were used to assess the patients with respect to eligibility for groups, diagnosis and functional status. On termination of group treatment the same tests were repeated and group therapeutic factor lists were administered, the results were statistically analyzed with t-test and Pearson coefficient of correlation.
Results: The results show that the group members benefited most from the therapeutic factors of catharsis, universality, group cohesion, and instillation of hope, SCL-90 R scores were significantly lower compared to the pretreatment values, and there was a significant negative correlation between the therapeutic factors in the group.and the psychiatric symptoms.
Discussion: In group therapy of patients who use lower level defense mechanisms, art and music were used for their expressive quality, serving as a "transition object" to a facilitate and reinforce interactional behavior in patients. Through these indirect means, patients can express their conflicts, describe than more clearly in the subsequent verbalization phase, and find an opportunity to work on their problems.

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