Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2001; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Demans Dergisi; 2001;1(2):37-41
Depresyon-Demans Ayırıcı Tanısı
EY Sivrioğlu, S Kırlı
Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa
Demans ve depresyon, klinik görünümlerinde
bilişsel kaybın ortak özellik olarak yer aldığı iki
klinik tablodur. Her iki durum da özellikle yaşlılarda
sık görülen psikopatolojiler içindedir. DSM-IV
ve ICD-10 gibi tanı setlerinde farklı kategorilerde
ele alınmalarına karşın, klinik uygulamada sıkça
birlikte görüldükleri, bazen birbirlerini zamansal
olarak izledikleri, bazen de birbirlerinin yerine yanlış
tanı aldıkları bilinmektedir.
Klasik tanı kriterlerine göre ayırımları çok kolay gibi
görünse de, özellikle depresyonun yaşlı toplumda
farklı özelliklerle kendini gösterdiği, tanısının genç
hastalara oranla daha zor olduğu göz önüne alınırsa,
ayırıcı tanıdaki güçlükler daha net bir biçimde
ortaya çıkar.
Bu iki klinik durumun ayırıcı tanısı yönünde
yapılan çalışmalar ve ortaya konulan teorilere
bakıldığında, kavramların zaman içinde değiştiği
görülür. Özellikle son yıllarda geriyatrik psikiyatrideki
gelişmeler, demans tablosunun daha ayrıntılı
tanımlanması yolundaki çalışmalar sayesinde, hem
demans hem de depresyondaki bilişsel yıkım ile
ilgili farklı kavramlar ortaya çıkmıştır.
Psödodemans terimi ilk kez Wernicke tarafından
demansa benzer bir klinik görünüm yarattığı halde,
aslında demans olmayan başka psikiyatrik bozuklukları
tanımlamak amacıyla kullanılmış, sonraları
bu klinik durum, depresyonla daha fazla ilişkili gibi
görünmesi sonucu, depresif psödodemans adını
almıştır. Zamanla bu terimin kullanımına karşı çıkan
araştırmalar yayınlanmış, ayırımın aslında bu
denli net olmadığı, klinik birlikteliklerin olduğu ve
ardışık gidişin görüldüğü saptanmıştır. "Vesanic demans"
terimi yine aynı tabloyu tanımlamak amacıyla
kullanılmış fakat
psödodemans terimi daha fazla yer bulmuştur.

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