Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2003; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2003;4(2):106-112
Kardiyovasküler hastalıklardaki psikososyal risk etkenleri
K Yazıcı, AE Yazıcı
Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar psikososyal durum ve psikiyatrik patoloji ile iki yönlü bir ilişkiye sahiptir. Buna ek olarak, aynı
belirtiler birincil olarak psikiyatrik ya da birincil olarak kardiyolojik durumların habercisi olabilir. Bu nedenle psikolojik
durum ile kardiyak patofizyoloji arasındaki ilişkinin farkında olmak gereklidir. Bu yazıda bazı kardiyovasküler hastalıklar
için risk yaratan psikososyal etkenlerin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Psikososyal etkenler ventriküler aritmi eşiğini
düşürebilir. Stres miyokardda doğrudan etki ile miyofibriler dejenerasyon yaratabilir. Psikolojik stres koroner arter
hastalığı olanlarda miyokard iskemisi ortaya çıkarabilir. Norepinefrin ve epinefrinin miyokard ve çevresel damar direnci
üzerindeki etkileri gözönüne alındığında, psikososyal etkenlerin kan basıncında geçici ve kalıcı artışlarla bağıntılı olması
şaşırtıcı değildir. Hipertansiyon gelişme riskinin psikolojik stresi yüksek olan kişilerde sekiz kat daha fazla olduğu
belirtilmiştir. Koroner arter hastalığının ilk tanımlamalarından beri, bu hastalığın patojenezinde psikososyal etkenlerin
önemli rol oynadığı ileri sürülmüştür. Tip A davranış örüntüsü, öfke, depresyon, sosyal destek azlığı ve düşük sosyoekonomik
düzey gibi birtakım etkenlerin koroner arter hastalığının ortaya çıkışı ile ilişkili olduğu belirtilmektedir. Patofizyolojik
mekanizmaların bir kısmı sağlıksız yaşam biçimi ve ilaç tedavisine uyumsuzluk ile açıklanmaktadır. Ana patofizyolojik
mekanizma ise sempatik uyarımın artması, vagal kontrolün azalması ya da her ikisi olarak düşünülmektedir. Psikososyal
açıdan risk taşıyan hastaların tanınması kardiyak yönden daha fazla risk taşıyan hastaların belirlenmesine ve gerekli
girişimlerin başlatılmasına yardımcı olacaktır.
Psychosocial risk factors in cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular diseases have a reciprocal relation with psychosocial state and psychiatric pathology. Furthermore, the
same symptoms can signal either primary psychiatric or primary cardiological conditions. Thus, the physician must be
aware of the interrelation between psychosocial state and cardiac pathophysiology. This article reviews psychosocial risk
factors that pose a risk in the development of some cardiovascular diseases. Psychosocial factors may lower the
threshold for ventricular arrhytmias. Stress may cause myofibrillary degeneration directly acting on myocardium. Given
the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine on the myocardium and on peripheral vascular resistance, it is not
surprising that psychosocial factors correlate with transient and sustained increases in blood pressure. It has been
suggested that the risk of developing hypertension was eight times higher in subjects with high-level psychological
stress. Since the earliest descriptions of coronary artery disease, physicians have speculated that psychosocial factors
play an important role in its pathogenesis. Several factors such as type A behavior pattern, hostility, depression, lack of
social support and low socioeconomic level were reported to be associated with the development of coronary artery disease. Some parts of the pathophysiologic mechanisms are explained by unhealthy life style and poor compliance to
treatment regimens. The main pathophysiologic mechanism was considered as increased sympathetic stimulation,
decreased vagal control or both. Identification of patients carrying psychosocial risk(s) will help to determine those
patients under greater cardiac risk and to initiation of necessary interventions in such patients.

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