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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 14; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2004;14(3):159-167
Santral adenozinerjik sistem ve klinik önemi
H Kayır, İT Uzbay
GATA, Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Farmakoloji AD, Psikofarmakoloji Arastirma Ünitesi, Ankara
Adenozin vücutta yaygın olarak bulunan bir nöromodülatördür. Hücre içinde ve dışında devamlı sentezlenmektedir ve dolayısıyla da metabolizmada bazal bir adenozinerjik tonustan söz edilebilir. Bazal adenozinerjik tonus inhibisyon yönündedir. Adenozin, etkilerini özgül reseptörleri aracılığı ile oluşturur. Adenilat siklazı, G-proteine kenetli bu reseptörlerden A1 ve A3 inhibe ederken, A2 aktive eder. A2 reseptörlerinin A2A ve A2B olmak üzere iki alt tipi tanımlanmıştır. Fizyolojik koşullarda bazal adenozinerjik tonustan, adenozine yüksek afinite gösteren A1 ve A2A reseptörleri sorumludur. Beyinde en yaygın bulunan reseptör A1 alt tipidir; özellikle korteks, serebellum ve hipokampüste yoğunlaşmıştır. Adenozin bir nöromodülator olarak diğer reseptör sistemleriyle çok fazla etkileşim içindedir. Adenozin A1 ile dopamin D1, adenozin A2 ile de dopamin D2 reseptörleri arasında doğrudan bir antagonistik ilişki söz konusudur. Adenozin uykunun başlatılması ve sürdürülmesi, genel uyarılmışlık halinin kontrolü ve enerji ihtiyacına göre serebral kan akımının düzenlenmesi gibi fizyolojik görevlerinin yanı sıra iskemi ve hipoksi gibi patolojik koşullarda hücrenin korunmasına katkı sağlar. Ayrıca anksiyete, epilepsi, depresyon, şizofreni, parkinson ve madde bağımlılığının da aralarında bulunduğu çeşitli hastalıkların patofizyolojisinde yer alır. Bu derlemede santral adenozinerjik sistem ile ilişkili bilgiler ve son gelişmeler güncel literatür çerçevesinde irdelenmiştir.
Central adenozinergic system and its clinical importance
Adenosine is a neuromodulator widely distributed throughout thebody. Since it is continuously synthesized, it can be concluded thatthere is a basal adenosinergic tonus, which has inhibitory effects ingeneral. All of the three adenosine receptors are G-protein coupled.While A1and A3receptor subtypes inhibit adenylate cyclase, A2subtypes activates it. A1and A2Areceptor subtypes, which bindadenosine with high affinity, are responsible for the basaladenosinergic tonus in physiological conditions. The most widelydistributed subtype, A1, is concentrated particularly in cerebral cortex,cerebellum and hippocampus. Adenosine has intense interactionswith other receptor systems. There are antagonistic interactionsbetween A1 dopamine D1and between A2and D2receptors.Adenosine is implicated in physiological processes such as initiationand maintenance of sleep, modulation of arousal, and control ofcerebral blood flow in response to energy demand of the brain.Adenosine is also implicated in cell-protection in pathologicalconditions like hypoxia and ischemia. Adenosine might be importantin the pathophysiology of anxiety, epilepsy, depression,schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and addiction. The currentliterature about the central adenosinergic system is reviewed.

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